我国耕地资源保护与利用体系、挑战与对策

The system,challenges and countermeasures of the protection and utilization of China's cultivated land resources

粮食安全是国运民生的“压舱石”,耕地资源是保障国家粮食安全的基础。当前国内粮食需求增加,国际粮食贸易风险加大,我国耕地资源保护与利用对于保障国家粮食安全战略的作用凸显。我国建立最严格的耕地保护制度,着力加强耕地保护和用途管控,牢牢守住耕地数量红线。但是,短期内人多地少的局面难以扭转,稳定耕地数量、提升质量和稳定产能是长期面临的任务。在系统梳理耕地保护利用体系及其实施成效的基础上,剖析我国耕地资源保护利用面临的突出问题和挑战。基于此,依据耕地数量、质量、生态三位一体保护的方向,提出严控耕地“非农化”“非粮化”,持续优化空间格局,提升耕地生产能力,强化耕地保护利用科技创新,为夯实粮食安全的耕地根基提供思路借鉴。

Food security is the"ballast stone"for people's livelihood,and cultivated land resources are the foundation for ensuring national food security.In the face of increased domestic food demand and increased risks in international food trade,the protec⁃tion and utilization of arable land resources in China has become more prominent in ensuring national food security strategies.Chi⁃na has established the strictest farmland protection system,focusing on strengthening farmland protection and use control,and firmly maintaining the red line of farmland quantity.However,it is difficult to reverse the situation of more people and less land in the short term,and stabilizing the quantity,quality,and production capacity of cultivated land is a long-term task.Based on a sys⁃tematic review of the cultivated land protection and utilization system and its implementation effectiveness,this paper analyzes the prominent issues and challenges faced by the protection and utilization of cultivated land resources in China.In accordance with the direction of integrating the protection of the quantity,quality,and ecology of cultivated land,it is proposed to strictly control the"non agricultural"and"non grain"conversion of cultivated land,continuously optimize the spatial pattern,enhance the produc⁃tion capacity of cultivated land,strengthen technological innovation in the protection and utilization of cultivated land,and provide ideas for consolidating the foundation of cultivated land for food security.