我国农田水利设施的时空特征与强化对策研究

Study on spatiotemporal characteristics and strengthening countermeasures of farmland water conser⁃vancy facilities in China

作物生产的根本在耕地、命脉在水,两者的结合即农田水利,事关国家粮食安全以及经济社会发展。本研究对农田水利设施的价值、农田水利设施历史演变和现状、农田水利设施空间分布特征和面临的问题进行研究。总体来看,我国水利设施建设投资力度不断加大,农田水利设施实现总量和质量双增长;然而,农田水利设施的发展存在着地区间和省份间差异,发展不平衡现象较为突出。此外,灌溉用水效率、水利设施管护和相关管理机制等方面仍存在不足。为夯实粮食安全的水利根基,当前亟待推进各类水利工程建设和智慧化改造,合理开展地下水超采综合治理和农业节水控水推进节水增效,强化建设管理等确保农田水利工程良性运行,深入推进农业水价综合改革促进农业用水方式向集约化转变。

Cropland is the root of crop production and water is the lifeblood of crop production.The combination of the two,namely farmland water conservancy,is related to national food security and economic and social development.This paper studies the value of farmland water conservancy facilities,the historical evolution and current situation of farmland water conservancy fa⁃cilities,the spatial distribution characteristics of farmland water conservancy facilities,and the problems faced by farmland water conservancy facilities.Overall,the investment in water conservancy construction is increasing continuously,farmland water con⁃servancy facilities have realized the double growth of total amount and quality.However,there are regional and provincial differ⁃ences in the development of farmland water conservancy facilities,and the imbalance in development is relatively prominent.In addition,there are still shortcomings in irrigation water efficiency,water conservancy facilities management and related manage⁃ment mechanism.To consolidate the foundation of water conservancy for food security,it is urgent to promote the construction and intelligent transformation of various water conservancy projects,rationally carry out the comprehensive treatment of ground⁃water overexploitation and agricultural water saving and control work to promote agricultural water saving and efficiency,strengthen construction management and other aspects to ensure the sound operation of farmland water conservancy projects,deepen the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices and promote the transformation of agricultural water use mode to in⁃tensification.