视觉重塑在视觉损伤中的原理及应用进展

The principle and application progress of visual cortex plasticity in visual impairment

中重度视觉损伤会严重影响患者的生活质量,但目前又缺乏有效的治疗手段。近年来,有研究结果表明,视觉损伤后大脑会自发通过皮质重塑调节自身结构与功能,这提示通过视觉重塑恢复视觉具有现实可能性。对视觉损伤人群进行微视野生物反馈训练、非侵入性脑刺激及丰富环境等疗法可能促进视觉重塑。然而,视觉功能重塑的原理尚不明确,由此展开的应用仍有诸多限制。本文中笔者就视觉重塑的原理以及应用进展进行综述,以期为视觉损伤提供新的治疗思路。

The patients with advanced visual impairment have seriously affecting the quality of life with little effective treatment at present.In recent years,it has been demonstrated that the brain would automatically adapt its function and structure to recover visual function by visual cortex plasticity after visual impairment,which provides the possibility for visual recovery.Microperimetry biofeedback training,non-invasive brain stimulation and enriching environment can promote visual reshaping for patients with visual impairment.However,the principle of visual cortex plasticity has not been determined yet,and its application is still limited.The theoretical basis and recent application of visual cortex plasticity were reviewed in order to provide new therapeutic ideas for patients with visual impairment.