农机服务规模经营对粮食生产效率的影响机理研究

Study on the Influence Mechanism of Agricultural Machinery Service Scale Management on Grain Production Efficiency

依据2009—2019年全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的省级面板数据,运用随机前沿分析方法和Tobit模型,考量农机服务规模经营对粮食生产效率的影响及其作用机理。结果显示:2009—2019年,中国粮食生产效率总体递增,但区域间发展不平衡;农机服务规模经营通过技术引入效应和劳动力替代效应提高粮食生产效率,其中,技术引入效应的发挥受限于农业研发支出水平及其增速,劳动力替代效应在农业劳动力成本高的区域发挥的影响效用更佳。鉴于此,应加快农业科技创新,发展粮食生产全程机械化服务,完善农机社会化服务体系。

Based on the provincial panel data of 31 provinces(autonomous prefecture,municiplaities)from 2009 to 2019,this paper uses stochastic frontier analysis method and Tobit model to study the impact of agricultural machinery service scale management on grain production efficiency and its mechanism.The results show that:From 2009 to 2019,China’s grain production efficiency increased in general,but the development was unbalanced among regions;Agricultural machinery service scale management can significantly improve grain production efficiency;Agricultural machinery service scale management can improve food production efficiency through technology introduction effect and labor substitution effect.The effect of technology introduction effect is limited by the level and growth rate of agricultural research and development expenditure,and the effect of labor substitution effect is more effective in areas with high agricultural labor cost.In view of this,we should accelerate the innovation of agricultural science and technology,develop mechanized services for the whole process of food production,and improve the socialized service system of agricultural machinery.