进口品技术属性如何实现跨行业二次溢出?--对创新激励与横向技术启发效应的实证检验

How the Technical Attributes of Imported Products Realize Cross-industry Secondary Spillover:An Empirical Test of Innovation Incentive and Transversal Technology Inspiration Effect

在加快构建新发展格局背景下,优质产品进口对于促进内外循环畅通具有重要意义。进口品所含来源国技术属性除了影响进口主体生产率,还能够通过创新激励和横向技术启发渠道,对相关部门产生二次溢出。本文将我国工业行业数据与国际贸易标准分类(SITC)三位数代码下分国别进口数据相匹配,实证检验进口品技术属性对水平和技术邻近行业的二次溢出。结果显示:第一,进口品技术属性对水平行业有显著的创新激励效应,但无法起到横向技术启发效应;第二,技术邻近行业可同时获得创新激励与横向技术启发效应,但主要是后者,即借助技术原理相通的进口品得到灵感触发或知识迁移;第三,提高国有资本比重有助于放大进口品技术属性对水平和技术邻近行业的创新激励,但难以通过放大横向技术启发使技术邻近行业实现更快的技术进步。面对外部环境不确定性增大的现实压力,我国应加强利用高质量进口提供的竞争压力、创新激励和学习窗口,促使进口品蕴含的优质创新要素通过国内大循环充分溢出,推动更大范围、更深层次、内外一体的标准对接、人员流动、监管认证,发挥国有资本在开放创新中的引领作用。

In the background of accelerating the construction of the New Development Pattern,the import of high-quality products is of great significance to promoting the smooth domestic and international circulation.In addition to affecting the productivity of importers,the technical attributes of suppliers contained in imports can also produce secondary spillovers to relevant departments through innovation incentives and transversal technology inspiration effect.This paper matches China's industrial industry data with the country-specific import data under the three-digit code of the Standard International Trade Classification(SITC),and empirically tests the secondary spillover of the technical attributes of imports to the horizontal and technology-adjacent industries.The results show that,Firstly,the technical attributes of imports have a significant innovation incentive effect on horizontal industries,but no transversal technology inspiration effect.Secondly,Technology-adjacent industries can obtain innovation incentive and transversal technology inspiration effect at the same time,but the latter is the main aspect,that is,inspiration trigger or knowledge transfer with the help of imports with similar technical principles.Thirdly,The innovation incentive of the technical attributes of imports to horizontal and technology-adjacent industries increases with the increase of the proportion of national capital,while the transversal technology inspiration effect of technology-adjacent industries is not regulated by the proportion of national capital.Facing the realistic pressure of increasing uncertainty in the external environment,China should pay more attention to using the competitive pressure,innovation incentive and learning window provided by high-quality imports,promote sufficient spillover of high-quality innovation factors contained in imports through the domestic circulation,advance the docking of standards,personnel flow,supervision and certification in a wider range,deeper level and internal-external integration,and give full play to the leading role of state-owned capital in open innovation.