政府研发支出是否有利于撬动中小企业创新绩效--基于工业行业企业面板数据的非线性门槛效应检验

Is Government R&D Expenditure Conducive to Leveraging Innovation Performance of SMEs:Nonlinear Threshold Effect Test Based on Panel Data of Industrial Enterprises

本文通过理论模型推演政府研发支出对中小企业研发投入及其创新产出的静态影响机制与动态溢出规律,构建了一个从外生到内生的解释框架。以工业行业规模以下中小企业面板数据实证检验发现,首先,中小企业自身研发投入和创新产出之间并非简单的线性有效关系,存在一定的门槛规律。当且仅当研发投入超过特定阈值后,才能释放正向创新产出,而研发投入不足无法形成创新产出是科技型中小企业生存发展的最大瓶颈。其次,政府研发支出具有特殊的动态调控器功能,对中小企业技术创新绩效存在较为复杂的非线性调节影响。中低适度的政府研发支出能够与中小企业研发投入形成互补机制,稀释创新风险,以“挤入效应”共生驱动中小企业创新绩效提升,然而过高强度的政府研发支出则适得其反,会弱化中小企业创新投入的产出绩效,造成一定惰性依赖。最后,规模异质性检验发现,政府研发支出对大型企业的创新激励门槛低于中小企业,而对科技型中小企业的溢出范围相对更广。

Based on theoretical model construction,this paper deduces the static impact mechanism and dynamic spillover law of Government R&D expenditure on R&D investment and innovation output of SMEs,so as to construct an explanation framework from exogenous to endogenous.Further empirical test with panel data of SMEs below industrial industry scale shows that:firstly,the relationship between R&D investment and innovation output is not a simple linear effective relationship,and there is certain threshold law.Only when the R&D investment exceeds specific threshold,the positive innovation output could be released.The lack of R&D investment could not transform innovation output,which is the biggest bottleneck of science and technology-based SMEs survival and development.Secondly,government R&D expenditure has special dynamic regulator function,which has complex nonlinear regulatory impact on the technological innovation performance of SMEs.Medium and moderate government R&D expenditure could transform complementary mechanism with the R&D investment of SMEs,dilute the innovation risk,and drive the innovation performance improvement of SMEs with the symbiosis of“crowding in effect”.However,excessive government R&D expenditure is counterproductive,it will weaken the output performance of innovation input of SMEs,resulting in certain degree of inertia dependence.Finally,the scale heterogeneity test also found that,the innovation incentive threshold of Government R&D expenditure in large enterprises is lower than that in SMEs,the spillover to technology-based SMEs is relatively wider.