云南省物质文化遗产的时空分布特征及其影响因素——以重点文物保护单位为例

Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Impacting Factors of Yunnan Cultural Heritages:Based on the Perspective of Key Cultural Relics Protection Units

探讨文物保护单位的时空分布特征并归因,对展现区域人地关系的演进具有重要意义。本文运用ArcGIS工具,结合空间分析法对云南省350个国家级、省级重点文物保护单位的时空分布特征及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:(1)云南省重点文物保护单位在地理空间上呈集聚态势,主要分布在昆明、大理、红河三地,时间上集中在明清及近现代以来两个时间段。(2)云南省各历史时期的重点文物保护单位核密度特征存在明显差异。史前至先秦时期形成了以楚雄为中心的单核心高值区;秦汉至隋唐时期形成了以大理中部为中心的单核心高值区;宋元时期形成了以昆明、玉溪为中心的单核心高值区;明清时期形成的多核心高值区,中心为昆明、大理、红河;近现代以来形成了以昆明为中心的单核心高值区、保山为中心的次高值区及以红河为中心的中值区共同构成的层级分布格局。(3)云南省重点文物保护单位的时空分布受地形、水系等自然环境因素,以及政治历史、交通等人文环境因素的综合影响,尤其与云南历史时期建立的少数民族地方政权与中央王朝在交流融合过程中的政权更迭、政治经济政策变化等重大社会政治变革紧密相关。

Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and the resows of the historical context is very important for under standing evolution of regional human-local relations.In this work,it takes 350 national and provincial key cultural relics protection units in Yunnan province as the research object.By using ArcGIS and combining with spatial analysis method,it studies their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors.The results are as follows.Firstly,the overall distribution of key cultural relics protection units in Yunnan province shows a gathering trend,in which the main gathering areas are Kunming,Dali and Honghe.Besides,the distribution period is concentrated in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times.Secondly,it exists obvious differences in the kernel density features of the distribution of key cultural relics protection units in different historical periods in Yunnan province.From the prehistoric period to the pre-Qin period,the density features are single core high-value areas centered on Chuxiong.From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties,it forms a single core high-value area centered on the middle and southeast of Dali.During the Song and Yuan Dynasties,it forms a single core high-value area centered on Kunming and Yuxi in central Yunnan.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,it forms the multi-core high-value areas gathered in Kunming,Dali and Honghe.Since modern times,it has formed a hierarchical distribution pattern composed of single core high-value area with Kunming as the center,sub high-value area with Baoshan as the center and median area with Honghe as the center.Thirdly,Key cultural relics protection units of Yunnan province are influenced by terrain,river and other natural environment factors,political history,transportation and other cultural environment factors,especially related to Yunnan historical minority local regime and the central dynasty exchange in the process of political change,political and economic policy changes and other major social and political changes.