无人潜航器在海洋维权执法中的挑战及中国应对

Challenges of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles Concerning Maritime Law Enforcement and China’s Responses

近年来,基于海上无人技术的迅速发展以及沿海国周边海域安全形势的变化,无人潜航器在海洋维权执法中的地位日益凸显。由此引发了一系列思考:一方面无人潜航器的国际法地位尚无定论;另一方面部分国家将无人潜航器广泛应用至不同海域进行海上执法,给国际法的适用带来诸多挑战,例如通行、豁免等。各国因无人潜航器用于海洋维权引发冲突的事件数量并不少。在此背景下,中国亟须探索应对此类威胁的措施:在加强法治建设和提升智能化技术的同时,预防和减少他国在中国管辖海域内的军事摩擦,维护本国海洋权益。此外,中国还应积极寻求国际合作以构建全球海洋治理合作机制,推动国际社会更好地解决无人潜航器带来的海洋安全问题。

In recent years,with the rapid development of unmanned maritime technology and changing security situation in the maritime areas surrounding coastal countries,the role of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles(UUVs)in maritime law enforcement and safeguarding rights at sea has become increasingly prominent.This has raised several questions,including the uncertain status of UUVs under international law and the challenges posed to the application of international law by the wide-ranging use of UUVs for law enforcement in various maritime domains.Conflicts arising from the use of UUVs for maritime law enforcement have occurred in several countries.In this context,China urgently needs to explore measures to address such threats,including strengthening legal and regulatory frameworks and improving intelligent technology,to prevent and reduce military frictions taking place in China’s jurisdictional maritime areas and protect China’s maritime rights and interests.In addition,China should seek international cooperation to establish a global maritime governance mechanism and promote the international community to solve the maritime security problems brought about by UUVs better.