不同年期发酵床垫料细菌群落多样性及功能

Bacterial Community Diversity and Function in Fermented Mattress Material of Different Ages

探究不同年期发酵程度对发酵床垫料细菌群落多样性及功能的影响,探究其中的有益微生物,开发适合陕北地区的发酵床专用菌剂。以铺设1、2、3和4年的发酵床垫料为研究对象,新铺设的发酵床垫料作为对照(CK),采用MiSeq高通量测序技术分别测定不同年期发酵床垫料细菌群落16S rRNA基因V3~V4区序列并进行生物信息学分析。不同年期发酵床垫料获得V3~V4区924008条有效序列,聚成686种操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU),分属于15个门,30个纲,55个目,65个科和224个属,其中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为发酵床垫料的主要优势菌门,其占比为40.88%~98.40%,其次为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),其占比分别为3.55%~17.54%和1.29%~3.00%。Shannon指数和Simpson指数分别在3.599~4.737和0.787~0.891之间,不同年期发酵床垫料细菌群落的丰度和多样性指数均高于对照,且随着发酵年限的增加,多样性与生长年期呈正相关,致病细菌埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)及肠杆菌属(Enterobacte)丰度和多样性指数下降趋势明显。优势细菌属数目、组成及其丰度随发酵年限的不同而有所差异。短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)和芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)的总丰度最高,分别在0.06%~43.63%和0.74%~49.35%之间,且优势细菌属中存在具有有益功能性状的微生物类群。群落功能预测分析初步显示不同年期的发酵床垫料细菌群落功能有所差异,其中年限为4年的发酵床垫料微生物群落的功能信息最为丰富,主要涉及到转运蛋白及磷酸转移酶系统功能,其他年期主要体现在ABC转运蛋白、细菌分泌系统、细菌毒素类及调控系统等功能方面。不同年期发酵床垫料细菌群落组成和功能存在较大差异,且发酵年限影响了发酵床垫料细菌群落多样性、群落结构及功能,随着发酵年限的增加,有益菌属丰度增加,致病菌属丰度下降。

In order to explore the effects of different fermentation degrees in different ages on the bacterial diversity and function of fermentation mattress materials,and develop the beneficial microbial resources contained in fermentation bed special bacterial preparation suitable for northern Shaanxi,MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to respectively determine the bacterial communities of fermentation mattress materials of different ages laid in 1,2,3,and 4 years materials as the research object,and newly laid bed mattress materials as the control(CK).16S rRNA gene sequence of V3-V4 section about fermentation mattresses materials was determined and carried out bioinformatics analysis.The results showed that 924008 sequences were obtained from V3-V4 section and 686 operational taxonomic units(OTU)were sequenced,respectively belonged to 15 phyla,30 classes,55 orders,65 families and 224 genera.Among them the phyla of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria,accounting for 40.88%-98.40%,followed by the phyla of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria,accounting for 3.55%-17.54%and 1.29%-3.00%,respectively.The Shannon index and Simpson index were between 3.599-4.737 and 0.787-0.891,respectively.The bacterial community′s abundance and diversity index of materials in different fermentation years were higher than CK,and increased along with required years of fermentation,the diversity was positively correlated with growth years.The abundance and diversity indexes of pathogenic Escherichia and Enterobacter were decreased obviously.The number,composition,and abundance of dominant bacterial genera varied along with the fermentation required years.The total abundance of Brevundimonas and Bacillus were the highest.The abundance was between 0.06%-43.63%and 0.74%-49.35%,respectively.And there were microbial groups with beneficial functional traits in the dominant bacteria genus.The community function prediction analysis initially showed that the microbial community function was different in different years fermentation mattresses materials,and the microbial community function information of fermentation mattress material of 4 required years was the most abundant,mainly involving the systematic functions of transport protein and phosphotransferase.And the other year period reflected on ABC running protein,bacterial secreting system,bacterial toxins,as well as regulation systems,and other functional aspects.There were relatively significant differences in the composition and function of bacterial community in different fermentation required years,and the fermentation years affected the diversity,community structure and function of bacterial community in different fermentation years.With the increment of fermentation required years,the abundance of beneficial bacteria increased,while the abundance of pathogenic bacteria decreased.