颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压融合后颈椎矢状位平衡参数的变化

Changes in cervical sagittal balance parameters after anterior cervical decompression and fusion

背景:颈椎病患者行颈椎手术治疗后,部分患者颈椎矢状位平衡未得到充分纠正,而这种持续的矢状位失平衡状态可能是造成患者远期临床疗效欠佳的重要原因。目的:分析颈椎前路减压融合术后失平衡状态下颈椎矢状位平衡参数及其改变与患者临床疗效的相关性,探究手术纠正患者矢状位失平衡从而改善患者后期临床疗效的必要性。方法:回顾性分析2019年7月至2022年7月在西南医科大学附属医院脊柱外科行颈椎前路减压融合治疗的颈椎病患者125例,随访患者术后恢复情况良好(术后1周颈椎功能障碍指数<10%)且都具有完整的随访资料。根据患者术后1周C2-7矢状面轴向距离(C2-7 SVA)将患者分为Ⅰ型失衡组(C2-7 SVA失衡量≤5 mm,n=27)、Ⅱ型失衡组(C2-7 SVA失衡量>5 mm,且≤10 mm,n=19)、Ⅲ型失衡组(C2-7 SVA失衡量>10 mm,n=12)、未失衡组(C2-7 SVA位于正常范围,n=67)。比较术后各组患者末次随访时目测类比评分、颈椎功能障碍指数的变化情况,以及影像学矢状位平衡参数C2-7 Cobb角、C2-7 SVA值、颈倾斜角、T1倾斜角、胸廓入口角的变化,探究患者后期临床疗效与术后颈椎矢状位失平衡状态的相关性。结果与结论:①4组患者的一般资料无统计学差异(P>0.05);所有患者手术顺利,术中无严重并发症,术后伤口无感染,随访时间大于1年;②术前症状评分、术后1周临床疗效无显著差异(P>0.05);末次随访时疼痛目测类比评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、C2-7 SVA较术前降低,较术后1周上升(P<0.05);C2-7 Cobb角较术前增加(P<0.05);颈倾斜角较术前降低(P<0.05);③Pearson相关性检验结果显示,颈椎功能障碍指数变化量与C2-7 SVA变化量呈现正相关(P<0.05);④提示颈椎前路减压融合治疗颈椎病疗效显著,可以有效缓解患者症状;术后颈椎矢状位失平衡越严重的患者,后期疗效越差;颈椎病患者术后持续的矢状位失平衡是导致患者后期疗效欠佳的重要原因,临床医生更应重视术前、术中对颈椎矢状位平衡的纠正,在术前根据矢状位平衡参数制订个性化手术策略及方案,并在术中纠正C2-7 SVA至正常范围。

BACKGROUND:Some patients with cervical spondylosis have not been fully corrected sagittal position balance after cervical surgery,and this continuous sagittal position imbalance may be an important reason for the poor long-term clinical outcome of patients.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation between the cervical sagittal position balance parameters and their changes and the clinical efficacy of patients in the unbalanced state after anterior cervical decompression and fusion and to explore the necessity of surgical correction of sagittal balance in order to improve the clinical effect in the later stage.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed on 125 patients with cervical spondylosis who underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion in the Department of Spinal Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from July 2019 to July 2022.Follow-up patients had good postoperative recovery(neck disability index score less than 10%one week after surgery)and had complete follow-up data.According to the axial vertical distance(C2-7 SVA)in sagittal position one week after surgery,patients were divided into type I imbalance group(C2-7 SVA loss≤5 mm,n=27),type II imbalance group(C2-7 SVA loss>5 mm,and≤10 mm,n=19),and type III imbalance group(C2-7 SVA loss>10 mm,n=12),and non-unbalanced group(C2-7 SVA in the normal range,n=67).The changes of visual analog scale score and neck disability index were compared among groups postoperatively and the last follow-up,as well as the changes of imaging sagittal balance parameters C2-7 cobb angle,C2-7 SVA value,neck inclination angle,T1 inclination angle,and thoracic entrance angle.The correlation between the late clinical effect and postoperative cervical sagittal disequilibrium was explored.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There was no statistical difference in general data among the four groups(P>0.05).All patients underwent successful surgery without serious complications and postoperative wound infection.The follow-up time was more than 1 year.(2)There was no significant difference in preoperative symptom score and clinical efficacy one week after surgery(P>0.05).At the last follow-up,pain visual analog scale score,neck disability index and C2-7 SVA were lower than those before surgery but higher than those one week after surgery(P<0.05).C2-7 cobb angle was increased compared with those before operation(P<0.05).T1 inclination angle was decreased compared with those before operation(P<0.05).(3)Pearson correlation test showed that the change of neck disability index was positively correlated with the change of C2-7 SVA(P<0.05).(4)It is indicated that anterior cervical decompression and fusion is effective in the treatment of cervical spondylosis,and can effectively relieve the symptoms of patients.Patients with more severe cervical sagittal disequilibrium after surgery had worse curative effect in the later period.Continuous sagittal disequilibrium in patients with cervical spondylosis after surgery is an important cause of poor curative effect in the later stage.Clinicians should pay more attention to the correction of cervical sagittal balance before and during surgery,formulate surgical strategies and plans according to sagittal balance parameters before surgery,and correct C2-7 SVA intraoperatively to the normal range.