我国农业保险产品体系建设的初步研究

Preliminary Study on the Construction of Agricultural Insurance Product System in China

随着政策性农业保险制度逐步建立和发展,我国初步建立起包括基本政策性农业保险产品、地方特色创新农业保险产品、涉农财产和人身保险产品,以及商业性农业保险产品等四个系列在内的农业保险产品体系。这个产品体系是在特定背景下产生和形成的,无论产品还是操作都有其特点和值得改进的地方,通过对这些特点和形成背景的梳理,针对现行农业保险产品体系存在的成本保险保障水平低、自缴保费带来经营混乱、投保农户缺乏选择权、地方特色创新农业保险产品覆盖率低、商业性农业保险产品开发具有一定盲目性、涉农财产和人身保险发展存在争议等问题,提出将成本保险产品变身为产量保险产品、用“基本保险+补充保险”产品组合有效提高覆盖率、有主有次地发展地方特色创新农业保险产品、慎重发展商业性农业保险产品、因地制宜发展涉农财产和人身保险产品等五个优化我国农业保险产品体系的建议。

With the gradual establishment and development of policy-based agricultural insurance system,China has initially established four series of agricultural insurance products,including basic policy based agricultural insurance products,innovative agricultural insurance products with local characteristics,agriculture-related property and life insurance products,and commercial agricultural insurance products.This product system is produced and formed in a specific background,both products and operations have their own characteristics and worthy of improvement.By combing these characteristics and formation background,in view of the problems existing in the current agricultural insurance product system,such as low cost insurance guarantee level,chaotic operation caused by self-paid premiums,lack of options for insured farmers,low coverage rate of innovative agricultural insurance products with local characteristics,certain blindness in the development of commercial agricultural insurance products,and disputes in the development of agriculture-related property and personal insurance,this paper puts forward five suggestions to optimize the agricultural insurance product system of our country,such as transforming the cost insurance product into the output insurance product,using the product combination of“basic insurance+supplementary insurance”to effectively improve the coverage rate,developing innovative agricultural insurance products with local characteristics on a reular basis,prudently developing commercial agricultural insurance products,and developing agriculture-related property and personal insurance products according to local conditions.