中国武术家庭代际传递现象研究

Study on the Phenomenon of Home Intergenerational Transmission of Chinese Wushu

运用文献研究、访谈、个案研究等方法,基于具有三代及以上传递武术家庭的访谈内容,结合马斯洛需求层次理论,阐析中国武术的家庭代际传递现象。研究认为:中国武术的家庭代际传递在汉时已初具雏形,明清时期不断丰富完善直至今日。结合马斯洛需求层次理论分析,中国武术家庭代际传递延续发展的主要影响机制表现为,习武者生活需要的生存诉求、强体健心和防身自卫的安全诉求、心理归属和内在认同的情感诉求、内部动机和自我实现的价值诉求,以“血缘”为纽带、以“地缘”为依托、以“业缘”为主导则是其主要形式。伴随近现代以来生存环境与功能需求的变迁、传承形式与传播路径的扩充、价值理念与理论知识的革新,中国武术的家庭代际传递呈现出被迫中断、边界拓展、文化反哺的嬗变现象。对此,提出中国武术家庭代际传递的发展方略:(1)丰富武术家庭代际传递的价值内涵,引导、提升子代的兴趣和意愿;(2)明晰武术家庭代际传递走向,优化武术家庭代际传递方式;(3)准确剖析和解读国家相关政策,强化武术家庭代际传递的政策支撑。

This research comprehensively uses the methods of literature research,interview,case study,etc,and based on the interview contents of Wushu families with three or more generations of transmission,combined with Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,to deeply explore the phenomenon of family intergenerational transmission of Chinese Wushu.Research suggests that:The family intergenerational transmission of Chinese Wushu has taken shape in the Han Dynasty.Especially the Ming and Qing dynasties has been enriched and improved to this day.Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,the main influence mechanism of the continuity and development of Chinese Wushu family intergenerational transmission is shown as follows,the survival demands of Wushu practitioners,the safety demands of physical fitness and self-defense,the emotional demands of psychological belonging and internal identification,the value demands of internal motivation and self realization,its main form is based on"Blood ties"as a bond,Based on"geography",Taking"karma".With the changes of living environment and Functional requirement,the expansion of inheritance forms and transmission paths,and the innovation of value concepts and theoretical knowledge since modern times,the family intergenerational transmission of Chinese Wushu has been forced to interrupt,expand borders,and cultural feedback.In this regard,it puts forward the development countermeasures of Chinese wushu family intergenerational transmission:1)Strengthen the value connotation of wushu family intergenerational transmission,guide and enhance the interest and will of the children;2)Clarify the trend of wushu family intergenerational transmission and optimize the way of wushu family intergenerational transmission;3)Accurately control and interpret relevant national policies,and strengthen the policy support of intergenerational transmission of martial arts families.