新中国成立初期上海工会工作的困境与缘由

The Dilemma of and Reason for Labor Union Work in Shanghai During the Early Days of the People’s Republic of China

上海解放后,市军管会对城市工作进行整体部署,强调必须依靠工人阶级快速实现各业复工复产。工会是党和国家动员、联合广大职工群众的重要组织载体。解放初期,上海市各级工会快速筹建,为职工管理提供了有效保障,工作成效显著。不过,工会同时也面临很大的挑战。无论是组织筹建过程中的“关门主义”问题,还是处理劳资关系的难度,以及就自身中心工作的左右摇摆,都让工会感到压力,其工作机制只能不断进行调整。这在一定程度上反映了各项工作由“主义”落地于“现实”的过程表现。

After the liberation of Shanghai,the municipal Military Control Administrative Committee formulated a comprehensive plan for urban work,emphasizing the necessity of relying on the working class to quickly resume production and operations in various industries.Labor unions were important organizational vehicles for the Party and the state to mobilize and unite the vast masses of workers.During the early period after liberation,labor unions in Shanghai at all levels were quickly established,providing effective guarantees for worker management,and their work was remarkably effective.At the same time,labor unions faced great challenges.The problem of“exclusivism”in the process of their organizational establishment,the difficulties in handling labor-capital relations,and vacillation over its own“central work”all put pressure on the labor unions,as a result of which their working mechanisms had to be adjusted.To some extent this reflected the process of transitioning from“ideology”to“reality”in various endeavors.