垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属固化/稳定化研究进展

Research Progress on Solidification/Stabilization of Heavy Metals in Waste Incineration Fly Ash

为探究垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属固化/稳定化领域的研究现状和研究方向,利用CiteSpace文献计量工具,以知网和Web of Science数据库收录的期刊作为数据来源,对近10年垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属固化/稳定化研究领域的相关文献进行分析。分析结果指出,化学药剂螯合技术、地质聚合物固化技术和高温熔融固化技术等备受关注。传统无机化学药剂和有机螯合剂的重金属固化效果不稳定且提高了城市废弃物处置的需求。因此,广大学者聚焦于推进新型重金属固化/稳定化药剂(例如:垃圾焚烧底灰、气相二氧化硅、巯基官能化树枝状聚合物和二硫代羧基功能化四乙基五胺)的研发。地质聚合物固化/稳定化技术的研究尚在起步阶段,垃圾焚烧飞灰的添加量可能是接下来研究的重点。电阻熔融玻璃化技术因其特有的冷料层在垃圾焚烧飞灰处置领域大规模推广的潜力较大,未来在强化电阻熔融玻璃化技术的同时还需推进助熔剂的研究。综上,垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术多样,依靠单一工艺难以彻底实现垃圾焚烧飞灰的减量化、无害化和资源化处置。因此,急需研发垃圾焚烧飞灰处置与资源化利用成套技术,以建立适应国内发展实际的垃圾焚烧飞灰处理处置与资源化利用新模式。

This study aims to analyze the research status and direction of solidification/stabilization of heavy metals in waste incineration fly ash over the past decade.The analysis was conducted using the CiteSpace bibliometric tool and data from journals included in CNKI and Web of Science databases.The analysis results have shown that chemical agent chelation technology,geopolymer solidification technology,and high temperature melting solidification technology are receiving significant attention.The traditional inorganic chemicals and organic chelating agents have an unstable heavy metal solidification effect,which increases the need for municipal waste disposal.As a result,many scholars are focusing on promoting the research and development of new heavy metal curing/stabilizing agents(such as waste incineration bottom ash,fumed silica,mercapto-functionalized dendrimers,and dithiocarboxy-functionalized tetraethylpentamine).The research on geopolymer solidification/stabilization technology is currently in its early stages.Future research may focus on determining the appropriate dosage of waste incineration fly ash.Resistance melting vitrification technology has shown great potential for large-scale application in the field of waste incineration fly ash disposal due to its unique cold material layer.As we continue to develop resistance melting vitrification technology,it is important to also promote research on fluxes.In summary,there are several treatment technologies available for waste incineration fly ash,but relying on a single process makes it difficult to achieve complete reduction,harmless disposal,and resource utilization.Therefore,there is a pressing need to develop a comprehensive technology for waste incineration fly ash disposal and resource utilization.This technology should establish a new model for the treatment,disposal,and resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash that is suitable for China's actual development.