黄河流域生态补偿政策对空气质量的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Ecological Compensation Policy on Air Quality in the Yellow River Basin

生态补偿的实质是以外部成本内部化的经济激励形式,引导地区生态系统服务价值和生态福利的优化配置,能够有效提升地区空气质量水平。基于生态福利绩效构建了黄河流域空气质量水平评价指标体系,以城市空气质量生态补偿为例,通过拟自然实验评估了黄河流域生态补偿政策对空气质量水平的影响。研究发现:(1)黄河流域生态补偿政策对空气质量水平具有显著的促进作用。(2)传导机制表明,黄河流域生态补偿政策通过提高技术进步水平和推动产业结构合理化,形成对空气质量水平的倒逼机制,从而推动空气质量水平提升。(3)异质性影响表明,生态补偿政策对于补偿规模越大、政府治理能力越高和能源消耗越大的空气质量水平的提升作用更大。论文为各地区诱发生态补偿政策在推动空气质量水平方面的制度性红利提供了科学依据和政策启示。

The essence of ecological compensation is to guide the optimal allocation of regional ecosystem service value and ecological welfare with economic incentive form of internalizing external costs,and thus can effectively promote the level of regional air quality.Based on the ecological welfare performance,this paper constructs an evaluation index system for the air quality level in the Yellow River Basin.Taking the urban air quality ecological compensation as an example,the impact of the ecological compensation policy on the air quality level in the Yellow River Basin is evaluated through a quasi-natural experiment.The research finds that:(1)The ecological compensation policy in the Yellow River Basin has a significant promoting effect on the air quality level.(2)The transmission mechanism shows that the ecological compensation policy in the Yellow River Basin has formed a reverse-force mechanism on the air quality level through two channels:improving the level of technological progress and promoting the rationalization of the industrial structure.(3)The effect of heterogeneity shows that the ecological compensation policy has a greater lifting effect on the improvement of air quality with larger compensation scale,higher government governance capacity and larger energy consumption.This paper provides a scientific basis and policy enlightenment for the institutional dividends induced ecological compensation policies in promoting air quality levels.