清代监狱水灾考察

Study of Floods in Prisons in Qing Dynasty

清代监狱遭遇水灾的案例较多。在遭灾时,监狱方面通常都会采取加强防护、转移人犯等应急措施,但是,仍然不可避免地会出现一些意外,例如人犯趁机越狱等。鉴于此,在水灾过后,除积极修缮监狱等外,朝廷也会对有狱官、管狱官和不同人犯等分别予以奖惩处理。清代监狱频频遭遇水灾的原因,除飓风暴雨导致的江河水涨,监狱选址较低,监狱所在城市整体选址不佳等方面外,归根到底,还是随着人口的增加,耕地日益不足,人与河争地所致。

There were many records of prisons suffering from floods in Qing Dynasty.When encountering a flood,prisons usually took some emergency measures,including strengthening protection and transferring prisoners.However,there were still some inevitable accidents,such as prisoners' prison break.In view of this,after the flood,in addition to actively repairing prisons,etc,the central government would also give rewards and punishments to prison wardens,guards and prisoners respectively.Reasons for frequent floods in prisons in Qing Dynasty ultimately fell upon the increasing shortage of cultivated land and competition for land between people and rivers due to the increase of population,in addition to the rising of rivers caused by hurricanes and rainstorms,the low location of prisons,the poor location of the city where the prisons were located.