堤防工程及建筑物等级和防洪标准的确定

Determination of the Grade and Flood Control Standards for Embankment Works and Embankment-related Buildings

堤防及涉堤工程的等级和防洪标准,直接影响着工程投资、工程安全和防洪效益,一定要科学合理地确定。文章分析了堤防工程设计中一些常见的误区、穿堤建筑物的级别和洪水标准应如何确定、在有堤防的河道上建设拦河闸其级别如何确定。对于堤防工程,需要确定的是防护区的防护等级,而非工程等别;堤防的防洪标准和级别应分岸别逐段确定;对于防洪体系中的堤防,应按所承担的防洪任务确定防洪标准,此时堤防的级别应根据防护区的防洪标准确定,而不是根据堤防的防洪标准;对于穿堤水工建筑物,其级别和洪水标准应不低于所在堤防的级别和防洪标准;同时承担防洪和排涝任务的穿堤涵闸等工程,其过流能力一般只需考虑支沟的排涝需求,同时应满足干支流遭遇组合分析的要求;对于拦河闸,其级别的确定,除了应考虑工程规模外,还应考虑对堤防的影响。

The grade and flood control standard of levees and dike-related projects directly affect project investment,project safety and flood control efficiency,so it must be determined scientifically and reasonably.This paper analyzes some common mistakes in the design of dike engineering,how to determine the level of buildings that penetrate the embankment,and how to determine the level of river barrages constructed on embanked rivers.how to determine the level of buildings that penetrate the embankment,and how to determine the level of river barrages constructed on embanked rivers.The flood control standard and grade of levees should be determined by bank and section by section.For levees in the flood control system,the flood control standards should be determined according to the flood control tasks they undertake.At this time,the level of levees should be determined according to the flood control standards of the protection area,not according to the flood control standards of levees.The grade and flood standard of a hydraulic structure that penetrate a dike shall not be lower than the grade and flood control standard of the dike on which it is located.For projects such as dike and sluice,which undertake both flood control and drainage tasks,the overflow capacity generally only needs to consider the drainage demand of branches and ditches,and should meet the requirements of combination analysis of trunk and tributary encounters.For the determination of the grade of the sluice,besides the scale of the project,the influence on the dike should also beconsidered.