接种两株有益菌的生物絮团净水性能及饲料化潜力

WATER PURIFICATION PERFORMANCE AND FEED POTENTIAL OF BIOFLOCS INOCULATED WITH TWO BENEFICIAL BACTERIA

为强化新的絮团形成菌伪杜擀氏菌YN12(Pseudoduganella eburnea YN12,YN)利用养殖尾水生成生物絮团效果,并将絮团制成饲料,探讨在胡子鲶(Claris fuscus)饲养上的可行性。在生物絮团系统中,接种活性污泥(Activated sludge,AS)、伪杜擀氏菌YN12和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,BS)并配制成7组(AS、YN、BS、AS+YN、AS+BS、YN+BS和AS+YN+BS),分析絮团形态结构差异,评估出对模拟养殖尾水氮去除效果及微生物群落结构优势的最佳组合,最终收集最佳组合絮团烘干研磨成粉末添加到商业饲料制粒,分成对照组和絮团组两组,探讨对胡子鲶的生长性能、饲料利用率、肌肉营养成分及肝脏的消化酶和免疫酶活性的影响。结果表明:YN+BS组水质净化效果稳定,总氮去除效果(89.6%)良好,氨氮、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐积累低,具有良好的絮团生成量(9.0 ml/L)及占据优势(47.5%)的反硝化菌群(包括Hydrogenophaga、Flavobacterium、Pseudoxanthomonas、Burkholderiaceae、Comamonas、Acinetobacter等)。该组絮团粉以5%比例与商业饲料混合、研磨加工制粒后用于胡子鲶养殖,发现胡子鲶生长性能[包括存活率:(100±0.00)%>(95±0.00)%;增重:(2.81±0.35)g>(2.52±0.52)g;体长增加(1.68±0.36)cm>(1.51±0.34)cm]和饲料系数55±0.03>46±0.12均优于纯商业饲料的对照组,然而在淀粉酶等消化酶、免疫酶包括过氧化氢酶、总超氧化物歧化物、谷胱氨酸过氧化物酶等及肌肉营养成分包括谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸和甘氨酸等鲜味氨基酸上均低于对照组。YN+BS组絮团饲料在生长性能占据优势,然而在消化能力、免疫活性及肌肉营养成分上并未表现出明显优势,需要进一步调整水平絮团添加水平以优化胡子鲶饲养效果。

In order to improve the efficiency of utilizing the new flocculent forming bacterium Pseudoduganella eburnea YN12(YN)in the production of bioflocs from aquaculture wastewater,and to utilize the flocs as feed,the feasibility of feeding the Claris fuscus was explored.The study focused on bioflocs systems,and involved the inoculation and formulation of activated sludge(AS),Pseudomonas eburnea YN12,and Bacillus subtilis(BS)into 7 groups(AS,YN,BS,AS+YN,AS+BS,YN+BS,and AS+YN+BS).The purpose of this experiment was to analyze the differences in floc morphology and structure,as well as to evaluate the most effective combination in terms of nitrogen removal efficiency and microbial community structure advantages in simulated aquaculture tail water.Finally,the optimal combination of bioflocs was collected,dried and ground into powder and added to commercial feed granulation.They were divided into two groups:the control group and the biofloc group,to explore the effects on the growth performance,feed utilization rate,muscle nutrient composition,and liver digestive and immune enzyme activities of catfish.The results showed that the water purification effect of YN+BS group was stable,the total nitrogen removal effect was good(89.6%),and the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen,nitrite and nitrate was low.The group exhibited favorable floc formation(9.0 ml/L)and had dominant denitrification bacteria(47.5%)(including Hydrogenophaga,Flavobacterium,Pseudoxanthomonas,Burkholderiae,Comamonas,Acinetobacter,etc.).The biofloc powder was mixed with commercial feed at a 5%ratio and used for Claris fuscus breeding after grinding and granulation.It was found that the growth performance of Claris fuscus[including survival rate:(100±0.00)%>(95±0.00)%;weight gain:(2.81±0.35)g>(2.52±0.52)g;lenght gain:(1.68±0.36)cm>(1.51±0.34)cm]and feed conversion rate(55±0.03>46±0.12)were better than those of the control group of pure commercial feed.However,amylase,immune enzymes,including catalase,superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and other delicious amino acids in muscle nutrition,including glutamic acid,aspartic acid,alanine and glycine,were lower than those in the control group.The bioflocs feed from YN+BS group had a good advantage in growth performance of catfish,but not in digestion ability,immune activity,and muscle nutrient composition.Therefore,it is necessary to further adjust the level of biofloc addition to optimize the feeding effect of Claris fuscus.