2021年青海省中小学生近视相关因素分析

Analysis of myopia related factors among primary and secondary school students in Qinghai Province in 2021

目的分析2021年青海省中小学生近视相关因素,为制定近视防治措施提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法在青海省各市州随机抽取16个县、85所中小学、510个教室、22584名学生,采用统一调查问卷,通过现场调查和测量的方法收集资料和数据。结果在读写姿势中,中小学生胸桌距离的不良率(65.6%)最高,中学生读写姿势不良率高于小学生。在近距离用眼习惯中,天黑后学生在家读书写字是否同时使用台灯和屋顶灯的不良率(68.3%)最高;在用眼环境中,课桌椅高度是否会根据学生的身高进行调整的不良率(66.1%)最高,中学生用眼环境不良率高于小学生;在教室环境卫生中,黑板面平均照度合格率(22.7%)最低。结论青海省中小学生近视相关因素中读写姿势和教室环境卫生为主要不良因素,需政府、学校和家庭合作,采取相应干预措施,改善学生用眼环境,养成良好用眼习惯,预防学生近视的发生和发展。

Objective To analyze the factors related to myopia among primary and secondary school students in Qinghai Province in 2021,so as to provide bases for the development of myopia prevention and control measures.Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to randomly select 22584 students from 510 classrooms in 85 primary and secondary schools in 16 counties in the Qinghai Province.The unified questionnaire was used to collect information and data through field investigation and measurement.Results Among the reading and writing postures,the inappropriate rate of chest-to-desk distance in primary and middle school students(65.6%)was the highest,and the rate of poor reading and writing posture in middle school students was higher than that in primary school students.In terms of the habit of using eyes at close range,the rate(68.3%)of inappropriate of using desk lamp and roof lamp for reading and writing at home after dark was the highest.In the eye-use environment,the highest inappropriaterate(66.1%)was whether the height of desks and chairs would be adjusted according to the height of students,and the inappropriate rate of eye-use environment of middle school students was higher than that of primary school students.In the classroom environment hygiene,the average illumination qualified rate of blackboard surface(22.7%)was the lowest.Conclusion Reading and writing posture and classroom environmental hygiene are the main adverse factors related to myopia among primary and secondary school students in Qinghai Province.Governments,schools and families should cooperate to take coresponding intervention measures to improve the environment of using eyes for students,develop good eye habits,and prevent the occurrence and development of myopiain students.