克拉玛依市某区7~12岁小学生肥胖状况及与身体机能的相关性

Obesity status and its correlation with physical function of primary school students aged 7 to 12 in a district of Karamay

目的了解克拉玛依市7~12岁小学生肥胖状况及对身体机能的影响,为新疆维吾尔自治区儿童青少年肥胖防制措施提供依据。方法2020年在克拉玛依市某区整群抽取3所小学,收集有效数据3428份。提取身体形态指标:身高、体质量,身体机能,肺活量指标;身体素质指标:50m跑、坐位体前屈、1min跳绳、1min仰卧起坐、50m×8往返跑。采用趋势χ^(2)检验、方差分析及logistic多因素等进行统计分析。结果学生总肥胖率为13.4%,男生肥胖率为16.2%,高于女生的10.3%;肥胖率随年龄增长呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=13.400,P<0.05)。不同性别和民族的肥胖组学生的(t=2.464、3.525、3.052、2.326)、1min跳绳(t=-2.384、-2.290、-2.357、-3.031)、1min仰卧起坐(t=-4.146、-2.618、-3.888、-2.284)、50m×8往返跑(t=3.229、2.611、3.867、2.893)成绩均低于正常组(均P<0.05),且正常组各项指标提升幅度远大于肥胖组(t=63.891,P<0.01)。多因素logistic分析:男性、年龄小、肺活量增加、肺活量指数下降、50m跑下降、坐位体前屈增加、1min跳绳减少是肥胖的危险因素。结论克拉玛依市7~12岁小学生肥胖检出率整体较高,肥胖影响学生的爆发力、心肺功能、耐力等身体素质,应尽快采取措施予以干预,减少儿童青少年肥胖的发生。

Objective To understand the obesity status of primary school students aged 7 to 12 years in Karamay and its impact on physical function,so as to provide basis for the prevention and control measures of obesity among children and adolescents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Methods In 2020,three primary schools in a district of Karamay were selected by cluster sampling,and 3428 valid data were collected.Body morphological indicators were extracted:height,body mass;physical function;vital capacityindex;physical qualityindicators:50m running,sitting forward bending,one-minute rope skipping,one-minute sit-up,50m×8 round-trip running.Trendχ^(2) test,analysis of variance and logistic multifactor were used for statistical analysis.Results The total obesity rate of students was 13.4%,with a male obesity rate of 16.2%,which was higher than the female obesity rate(10.3%).The obesity rate showed a decreasing trend with age(χ^(2)_(trend)=13.400,P<0.05).The results of one-minute jumping rope(t=-2.384,-2.290,-2.357,-3.031),one-minute sit-up(t=-4.146,-2.618,-3.888,-2.284),and 50m×8 round-trip running(t=3.229,2.611,3.867),2.893 of students of different genders and ethnic groups in the obesity group(t=2.464,3.525,3.052,2.326)were lower than those in the normal group(all P<0.05),and the improvement of each index in the normal group was much greater than that in the obesity group(t=63.891,P<0.01).Multivariate logistic analysis:male,younger age,increased vital capacity,decreased vital capacity index,decreased 50m running,increased sitting forward bending,and decreased one-minute rope skipping were risk factors for obesity.Conclusion The prevalence of obesity among primary school students aged 7 to 12 in Karamay is relatively high as a whole.Obesity affects students′physical qualities such as explosive power,cardiopulmonary function and endurance.Measures should be taken as soon as possible to reduce the incidence of obesity among children and adolescents.