新冠肺炎疫情常态化下房山区腹泻病例肠道病原体感染情况分析

Analysis of intestinal pathogen infection in diarrhea cases under the regular prevention and control of COVID-19 in Fangshan District

目的了解新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控背景下,北京市房山区腹泻病例肠道病原体的感染情况,为肠道传染病的防治工作提供依据。方法2021年1月1日至2021年12月31日,收集北京市房山区某2家二级医院未使用抗生素治疗的腹泻病例的粪便标本,进行志贺菌、沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌、大肠埃希菌、弯曲菌、轮状病毒、诺如病毒、星状病毒、扎如病毒和腺病毒的分离培养鉴定。结果392例腹泻病例,男性219例,女性173例,以青年为主。至少一项病原体阳性的腹泻病例84例,检出肠道病原菌89株,检出率为22.70%,弯曲菌35株,诺如病毒18株,致泻性大肠埃希菌14株,沙门菌10株,副溶血性弧菌4株,轮状病毒4株,扎如病毒2株,肠道腺病毒2株。病原体检出高峰为4~10月。其可疑暴露食品主要为熟食冷荤31例,水果蔬菜9例和凉拌菜8例;食用方式主要为直接食用43例;食用地点主要为居家53例。结论2021年新冠肺炎疫情常态化防控背景下,北京市房山区腹泻病例病原体检出率有所下降,种类多样,以弯曲菌为主,应继续监测并开展多形式的宣传教育,以提升当地居民的食品安全意识。

Objective To understand the infection status of intestinal pathogen infection in diarrhea cases in Fangshan District of Beijing under the background of the regular prevention and control of COVID-19,and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of intestinal infectious disease.Methods From January 1,2021 to December 31,2021,stool samples were collected from diarrhea cases without antibiotic treatment in two secondary hospitals in Fangshan District of Beijing for isolation,culture,and identification of Shigella,Salmonella,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Escherichia coli,Campylobacter,Rotavirus,Norovirus,Astrovirus,Sapovirus,and Adenovirus.Results A total of 392 diarrhea cases,including 219 males and 173 females,and most of them were young patients.A total of 84 diarrhea cases were positive for at least one pathogenic bacteria,and 89 enteric pathogenic bacteria were detected,with a detection rate of 22.70%.Among them,35 strains of Campylobacter,18 strains of Norovirus,14 strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli,10 strains of Salmonella,4 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus,4 strains of Rotavirus,2 strains of Sapovirus,and 2 strains of Adenovirus.The peak detection of pathogens was from April to October.The suspected exposed foods were mainly cooked cold meat in 31 cases,followed by fruits and vegetables in 9 cases and cold dishes in 8 cases.The main way of eating was direct consumption in 43 cases.The main place of eating was home in 53 cases.Conclusion During the background of regular prevention and control of COVID-19 in Fangshan District of Beijing in 2021,the detection rate of pathogens in diarrhea patients has decreased.However,the species are diverse,mainly Campylobacter.Monitoring and multi-form publicity and education should continue to raise awareness of food safety among local residents.