新冠肺炎疫情背景下西宁市新发传染病防控指标体系研究

Construction of evaluation system for prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases in Xining City under the background of the COVID-19 epidemic

目的构建针对西宁市新发传染病的防控指标体系,寻找其新发传染病防控体系的薄弱环节和建设重点。方法采取文献回顾、专家小组讨论等方法制定指标体系的初步框架,并采用德尔菲法与层次分析法筛选各级指标及其权重,参考PPRR模型构建出针对西宁地区的新发传染病防控指标体系,同时分析所得指标结果。结果第一轮和第二轮专家咨询的积极系数均为100%;第一轮和第二轮专家咨询的权威系数均为0.73;第二轮咨询中,三级指标的Kendall协调系数为0.266,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=227.60,P<0.05),各专家意见有较高一致性;经两轮专家咨询后最终确定的新发传染病防控指标体系中包含4个一级指标、14个二级指标、55个三级指标。咨询结果中“应急物资储备”重要性居首,“病原监测能力”、“人员职责与分工”和“初期疫情调查”其次。结论本研究所构建的指标体系较为可信;西宁市现有传染病防控体系与实际需求仍有较大差距,完善本地区应急物资储备机制和提升实验室检测能力刻不容缓,且加强应急管理部门建设和人才队伍培养是当前西宁地区卫生应急体系建设的重点。

Objective Aiming to construct the prevention and control index system of epidemic diseases in Xining City,and to find the weak links and pivotal points of the prevention and control system of emerging infectious diseases.Methods The preliminary framework of the index system was formulated by means of literature review and expert group discussion,and then the Delphi method and the analytic hierarchy method were used to screen the indicators at all levels and their weights,and the index system for the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases in Xining City was constructed according to the PPRR model,and the indicator results were analyzed at the same time.Results The positive coefficient of the first and the second round of consultant consultation was all 100%.The authoritative coefficient of the first and the second round of consultant was all 0.73;in the second round of consultation,the Kendall coordination coefficient of the third-level indicators was 0.266,the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=227.60,P<0.05),and the opinions of experts were significantly consistent;after two rounds of expert consultation,it constructed evaluation index system for the index the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases,which contained four first-class indexes,14 second-class indexes and 55 third-class indexes.Among the consultation results,the importance of‘Emergency material reserves'ranked first,followed by‘Pathogen monitoring capacity',‘Personnel responsibilities and division of labor'and‘Initial epidemic investigation'.Conclusion The indicator system constructed by this study is relatively credible;there is still a large gap between the ongoing infectious disease prevention and control system in Xining City and the current demand.It is imperative to upgrade the regional emergency material reserve mechanism and enhance the laboratory monitoring ability,and strengthening the construction of emergency management departments and talent team training is the focus of the current health emergency system construction in Xining City.