2011—2020年河北省迁安市人间布鲁菌病流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Qian′an City,Hebei Province from 2011 to 2020

目的了解迁安市2011—2020年布鲁菌病(简称“布病”)流行特点,为制定相关防治策略与措施提供参考。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对“中国疾病预防控制信息系统-传染病监测”中2011—2020年迁安市布病监测数据进行统计分析。结果2011—2020年迁安市累计报告布病病例801例,无死亡病例;年发病率为4.21/10万~18.88/10万,年均发病率为10.33/10万,不同年份布病发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=164.23,P<0.01),2011—2020年布病年发病率呈先升高后降低趋势。发病高峰期为5~6月;发病年龄以40~70岁为主,占85.39%;男性居多,男女发病比为2.85∶1;发病人群以农民为主,占发病总人数的94.26%;发病地区涉及全市20个乡镇,覆盖率为100.00%,其中病例数以建昌营镇居多,占32.71%,迁安镇次之,占17.10%。发病-诊断时间间隔中位数为2(1,7)d。结论2011—2020年迁安市布病发病率呈先升后降趋势,以农村中老年人群为主。建议继续加大对重点地区和重点人群布病防控知识的宣传,增强主动监测能力,强化联防联控和牛羊牲畜的疫苗接种工作,以遏制布病的传播。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis(referred to as brucellosis)in Qian′an from 2011 to 2020,so as to provide reference for formulating relevant prevention and control strategies and measures.Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to stasticaly analyze the surveillance data of brucellosis in Qian′an from 2011 to 2020 which were collected from Infectious Disease Surveillance of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System.Results A total of 801 cases of brucellosis were reported in Qian′an from 2011 to 2020,with no death.The annual incidence was 4.21/100000-18.88/100000,and the annual average incidence was 10.33/100000.There was significant difference among different years(χ^(2)=164.23,P<0.01).The annual incidence of brucellosis increased first and then decreased from 2011 to 2020.The peak months of incidence was from May to June.The age of onset was mainly 40-70 years old,accounting for 85.39%.Most of the cases were male,and the male to female incidence ratio was 2.85∶1.The incidence of the population was mainly farmers,accounting for 94.26%of the total number of cases.The incidence areas involved 20 townships in the city,with a coverage rate of 100.00%.The majority of cases were in Jianchangying Town,accounting for 32.71%,followed by Qian′an Town,accounting for 17.10%.The median time between onset and diagnosis was 2(1,7)days.Conclusion From 2011 to 2020,the incidence rate of brucellosis in Qian′an City will increase first and then decrease,mainly in middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas.It is suggested to strengthen the publicity about prevention and control knowledge of brucellosis to persons in key areas and among key groups,improve the capacity of active surveillance,enhance the joint prevention and control mechanism and vaccination of cattle and sheep,so as to curb the spread of the disease.