COVID-19流行期间莱芜地区儿童肺炎流行情况及影响因素分析

Analysis of epidemic situation and influencing factors of pneumonia in children in Laiwu Region during COVID-19 epidemic period

目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19,简称“新冠肺炎”)流行期间莱芜地区儿童肺炎流行情况,并探究儿童肺炎的影响因素。方法在医院电子病历系统调取2018年1月—2021年12月的X线胸片/胸部CT检查数据,选取临床诊断为呼吸道感染的儿童(3~12岁);同期收集患儿信息,获取有效病例11716例。采用回顾性分析方法,了解莱芜地区儿童肺炎流行情况,并采用多因素logistic回归分析儿童肺炎的影响因素。结果2018—2021年莱芜地区儿童肺炎的总检出率为40.3%(4721/11716),2018年1444例,肺炎检出率为41.5%(599/1444),2019年2289例,肺炎检出率为39.5%(905/2289),2020年1152例,肺炎检出率为38.1%(439/1152),2021年6831例,肺炎检出率为40.7%(2778/6831)。早产儿(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.46~1.94)、经常接触二手烟(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.66~1.93)、半年内住院次数≥1次(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.84~2.46)、有花粉过敏史(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.89~2.43)为肺炎发病的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=51.14、221.80、103.72、138.60,P<0.05);外出戴口罩(OR=0.89,95%CI:0.83~0.97)、适量体育锻炼(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.60~0.70)为肺炎发病的保护性因素,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.28、119.75,P<0.05)。结论COVID-19流行前后莱芜地区儿童肺炎的检出率有所不同;儿童肺炎的发生受多种因素影响,应采取积极的预防和干预措施以降低儿童肺炎发生率。

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of pneumonia in children in Laiwu Region during the Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic period,and explore the influencing factors of pneumonia in children.Methods The data of chest X-ray/chest CT examination from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrieved from the hospital's electronic medical record system,and children aged 3-12 years diagnosed with respiratory tract infections were selected.During the same period,information on sick children was collected,and 11716 effective cases were obtained.Retrospective analysis was used to understand the epidemic situation of pneumonia in children in Laiwu Region,and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of pneumonia in children.Results From 2018 to 2021,the overall pneumonia detection rate was 40.3%(4721/11716).In 2018,there were 1444 cases,the detection rate was 41.5%(599/1444),while in 2019,there were 2289 cases,it was 39.5%(905/2289).In 2020,there were 1152 cases with a pneumonia detection rate of 38.1%(439/1152),and in 2021,there were 6831 cases with a pneumonia detection rate of 40.7%(2778/6831).Preterm birth baby(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.46-1.94),frequent exposure to secondhand smoke(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.66-1.93),more than one hospitalization within six months(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.84-2.46),and pollen allergy history(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.89-2.43)were risk factors for the development of pneumonia,and the difference were statistically significant(χ^(2)=51.14,221.80,103.72,138.60,P<0.05).Wearing a mask outside(OR=0.89,95%CI:0.83-0.97)and moderate physical exercise(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.60-0.70)were the protective factors for the incidence of pneumonia,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=7.28,119.75,P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of pneumonia in children in Laiwu Region is different before and after the COVID-19 epidemic.The occurrence of pneumonia in children is affected by many factors,and active prevention and intervention measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of pneumonia in children.