噬菌体生物活性物质及其应用研究进展

Research progress on Bacteriophage bioactive substances and their applications

噬菌体(Bacteriophage,Phage)是一类能特异性感染细菌、真菌等微生物的病毒的总称,20世纪初就被应用于细菌感染性疾病的治疗。随着抗生素的发现和应用对噬菌体的研究逐渐减少,近年“超级耐药细菌”的出现和流行使噬菌体疗法再次受到关注。噬菌体疗法不仅其本身可作为生物制剂替代抗生素还可将其尾丝蛋白、裂解酶及穿孔素等具有识别、裂解细菌功能的生物活性物质应用于细菌感染性疾病的治疗。噬菌体疗法的优势在于噬菌体特异性好、易获得,可在不影响机体正常菌群的情况下靶向清除病原菌等,但作为活的生物体,也存在免疫原性强、裂解谱窄等问题。噬菌体活性物质包括识别蛋白、解聚酶、穿孔素及其他功能蛋白等,应用于细菌感染性疾病治疗可避免上述问题,但也存在研发周期长、应用范围小等缺点。本综述主要讲述与裂解细菌有关的噬菌体生物活性物质的组成、作用机制和应用。

Bacteriophage(Phage)is a general term for a group of viruses that can specifically infect bacteria,fungi and other microorganisms,and has been used in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases since the early 20th century.With the discovery and application of antibiotics,the research on Phage has gradually decreased,and the emergence and prevalence of"super drug-resistant bacteria"in recent years makes Phage therapy attract attention again.Phage therapy therapy itself is not only be used as a biological agent to replace antibiotics,but also can be used in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases with the function of recognizing and lysing bacteria,such as tail protein,lyase,and perforin,and other bioactive substances.Phage therapy has the advantages of good specificity,easy availability,and targeted elimination of pathogenic bacteria without affecting the normal flora of the organism.However,as a living organism,Phage also has the problems of strong immunogenicity and narrow lysis spectrum.Phage active substances,including recognition protein,depolymerase,perforin and some other functional proteins,can avoid the above problems when applied in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases,but it also has the disadvantages of a long research and development period and a small application range.The review focuses on the composition,action mechanism and application of Phage bioactive substances related to lysis of bacteria.