欧美个人数据保护政策及对我国数据保护的启示

Data Strategies of Europe and America and Its Enlightenment for China Data Protection

随着数据采集、存储、流动和应用的实践场景日益复杂,带来了数据质量、数据权属、数据泄露、跨境流通等问题,各国有针对性地进行了法律规范和战略部署,其中以个人数据保护为基础性和前置性问题。本文通过调研欧美个人数据保护相关政策法规,从发布脉络梳理、核心法律概述、特征比较分析、国家特征对比等视角进行研究,探究欧美个人数据保护的发展现状、呈现特征及对我国的启示。分析可知,欧盟强调个人隐私保护、统一立法理念、平衡数据流动与保护;美国重视政府数据公开、推行行业分别立法、鼓励数据自由流动;我国借鉴欧美各国的立法经验和实践成果,根植已有政策法律体系,坚持安全为先和发展为要,有机统一数据保护和价值利用。

As the practical scenarios of data collection,storage,flow and application become increasingly complex,problems such as data quality,data ownership,data leakage,and cross-border circulation have arisen.Countries have carried out targeted legal regulations and strategic deployments,among which individuals Data protection is a fundamental and front-end issue.This articie investigates the policies and regulations related to personal data protection in Europe and the United States,and conducts research from the perspectives of release context,core legal overview,comparative analysis of characteristics,and comparison of national characteristics,to explore the development status,presenting characteristics,and implications for my country of personal data protection in Europe and the United States.The analysis shows that the European Union emphasizes personal privacy protection,unifed legislative concepts,and balances data flow and protection;the United States attaches great importance to government data disclosure,promotes industryspecific legislation,and encourages the free flow of data;my country draws on the legislative experience and practical results of European and American countries and roots in existing policies The legal system adheres to security first and development as the most important,and organically unifies data protection and value utilization.