城市自然的关怀实践:动物园的空间、关系与行为

CARING PRACTICES FOR URBAN NATURE:SPACE,RELATIONSHIPS AND ACTS OF THE ZOO

生态文明建设要求反思人类的自然观以及人与自然的道德联系,城市自然是人与非人关系的可能性空间。研究从关怀视角出发,运用质性方法,构建空间、关系与行为三元分析框架,探究南京红山森林动物园中人与动物多维关系的具体表现及关怀实践形成机制。研究发现,人与自然的互动及关怀关系的建立以多情景相遇为条件;关怀关系能够促成示范、响应、潜在的关怀行为,空间相遇、关怀关系和关怀行为构成关怀自然实践,塑造城市空间的关怀特质;动物园借助关怀关系养成以及关怀行为示范,推动社会关注和关怀实践的流动。本文推动关怀从自然管理理念转向日常生活实践,在人与自然关系建构中发挥更大潜力。

The construction of ecological civilisation requires reflection on the human view of nature and the ethical connection between humans and nature.Urban nature is a space of possibilities for human-nonhuman relationships.Given this,this paper constructs a ternary analytical framework of space,relationship and action to explore the concrete manifestations of multidimensional human-animal relationships in the urban zoo and the forming mechanisms of caring practices from the perspective of care.Using the example of Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo,and based on qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews,participant observation and NVivo text analysis,two main findings emerged.First,human-nature interactions and caring relationships need to be conditioned by spatial encounters,and the zoo provides multi-situational encounters.Second,caring relationships lead to demonstrative,responsive and potential caring acts;the spatial encounters,relational connections and caring acts between humans,animals and other natural substances constitute the caring practices for urban nature,thereby further shaping urban natural spaces.In addition,through the cultivation of caring relationships and the demonstration of caring acts,the zoo contributes to the flow of broader social concerns and caring nature practices.This paper reveals the conditions,mechanisms and influences of residents'caring practices for urban nature,infiltrating caring from a nature-managementoriented concept into the everyday practice of individuals,and making caring practices for nature the type of practice that can be more potential in the construction of human-nature relations.