社区旅游内卷化与去内卷化:基于云台山社区的案例解析

THE INVOLUTION AND DE-INVOLUTION OF COMMUNITY TOURISM:CASE STUDY ON YUNTAI MOUNTAIN

过往研究将社区旅游增长困境归因于权力关系不平衡导致的社区权益受损或冲突,并通过社区参与和增权解决。然而,社区参与和增权的有效运用依赖于外部条件和社区能力。本文试图从内卷化视角重新审视社区旅游增长困境,构建社区旅游内卷化分析框架,并用于解析焦作云台山案例。社区旅游内卷化是社区旅游发展到一定形态后,停滞不前或无法转变到新的形态,旅游产品或企业同质化竞争激烈,无法适应市场变化,导致社区内部权力和利益复杂化,社区总体边际收益或旅游效益相对下降。案例研究表明,云台山社区先后经历农业内卷化、去农业内卷化、社区旅游内卷化、以及社区旅游去内卷化4个阶段。各阶段交叠,并具有不同的背景、成因和特点。本研究在去内卷化建议中指出,提升社区内生能力是根本,破解外部条件限制是关键,而政府和核心企业应起示范或主导作用。

China's peasant economy has been the longest lasting and largest in the world,also its most highly"involuted"economic system which makes rural community tourism of China different.This study addresses the stagnation and void development of rural community tourism and introduces the theory of involution to the analysis on the rural community development.Using five communities(Anshang,Gudongyao,Wujiatai,Chapengzhang,and Heishiling)with defined boundaries within China's Yuntai Mountain area as case,this study conducts a longitudinal case study to explore the process and mechanism of involution and deinvolution of rural community tourism.The involution of rural community tourism refers to a certain stage or condition of community tourism development where tourism development is stagnating or unable to transform and upgrade to a new form,repetition in quantity but less evolution in quality.Under the circumstances,the community become more complicated and homogeneous,and the marginal returns of the whole community decline as the increase community tourism,the increase of tourism is unable to adapt to new market demand finally.This case study identified that in the past decades,the five Yuntai communities have gone through four phases of(de-)involution,including involution in agriculture,de-involution in agriculture through developing tourism,involution in community tourism,and de-involution in community tourism.