近40年来黑河流域三生空间格局演变及其驱动因素分析

Analysis of the Evolution and Driving Factors of Production-Living-Ecological Space Pattern in the Heihe River Basin from 1980 to 2020,China

选择西北内陆黑河流域为研究区,基于1980—2020年土地利用数据和社会经济统计数据,通过构建三生空间分类体系,从地形、城镇与道路方面分析近40年三生空间的时空演变特征,采用地理探测器分析其驱动因素,得到如下结果。1)黑河流域国土空间水平分异明显,以生态空间为主导地位。生产生态空间主要分布于中游农业绿洲,生产生活空间散布在生产生态空间之中。近40年来,生产生态空间和生产生活空间持续扩张,强生态空间波动增加,弱生态空间持续缩小。2)三生空间垂直分异明显,以海拔1500m和坡度5º为界线,生产生态、生产生活和弱生态空间集中在界线以下区域,强生态空间则相对集中在界线以上区域。3)三生空间受城镇和道路的显著影响,生产生态空间和生产生活空间趋向靠近城镇和道路分布,生态空间则多分布在远离城镇和道路的区域。4)自然地理因素是三生空间格局形成和演变的基础性条件,社会经济因素则是关键推动力,其中城镇化率、城镇规模和固定资产投资是主要的驱动因素;因子间的交互作用具有协同增强效应,尤其城镇规模、总人口与自然因素交互作用对三生空间的格局变化影响最为显著。研究结果可为黑河流域生态保护与高质量发展提供参考。

Taking the Heihe River Basin as study area,based on the land use data and socioeconomic statistics from 1980 to 2020,constructing the production-living-ecological space classification system,this paper analyzes evolution characteristics of production-living-ecological space from the aspects of topography,towns and roads.Besides,the driving factors of production-living-ecological space is analyzed by using Geodetector.The results show that 1)the territorial space of the study area features obvious horizontal regional differences.Within the production-living-ecological space schema,the ecological space has occupied the absolute dominant position,while the production ecological space is mainly distributed in the agricultural oasis area in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin,and the production living space is scattered in the production ecological space.In the past 40 years,the production ecological space and production living space has steadily expanded,and the strong ecological space has increased with fluctuations,while the weak ecological space has continuously decreased.2)The production-living-ecological space of the Heihe River Basin has significant vertical differences.The altitude of 1500 m and the slope of 5°are taken as the boundary of the production-living-ecological space.Below the boundary,the production ecological space,the production living space and the weak ecological space are concentrated;above the boundary,the strong ecological space are relatively concentrated.3)The distribution of production-living-ecological space is significantly influenced by towns and roads,the production ecological space and the production living space tend to be distributed close to towns and roads,while the ecological space is mostly distributed in areas far away from towns and roads.4)Natural geographical factors are the basic conditions for the formation and evolution of production-living-ecological space pattern.Socioeconomic factors are the key driving forces.Among them,the urbanization rate,urban scale and fixed asset investment are the main driving factors;the interaction of factors has significant synergistic enhancement effect,especially the interaction between urban scale and natural factors,total population and natural factors has the most significant impact on the evolution of the production-living-ecological space pattern.The results can provide reference for ecological protection and to achieve high-quality development pattern in the Heihe River Basin.