印度露天煤矿发展研究

Research on the open-pit coal mine development in India

为借鉴露天煤炭开采大国的发展经验和做法,推进我国露天煤矿高质量发展,研究分析了印度近50年露天煤矿的发展历程,采用定量研究和定性分析相结合的方法,研究分析了印度露天煤炭资源分布、露天煤矿生产现状和生产结构、开采技术和装备应用、生态环境保护等方面的规律、特点和经验做法。研究表明,印度充分利用煤炭资源的赋存优势和露天开采的规模优势,经过50余年的发展,煤炭总产量和露天煤矿产量持续增长,对国内能源需求做出了较大贡献;2021年印度露天煤炭开采产量占到煤炭总产量的95%以上,是国外第一大露天煤炭生产国,仅次于我国的露天煤炭产量;20世纪80年代以来,印度依靠国际合作和国外采购,成为亚洲最大的吊斗铲倒堆工艺应用国,现阶段印度在露天煤矿开采环境保护法律法规制定与实施、环境管理计划的落实和税收约束等方面的工作也取得了一定成效。

In order to learn from the development experiences and practices of major open-pit coal mining countries and promote the high-quality development of open-pit coal mines in China,the development histories of open-pit coal mines in India over the past 50 years were studied and analyzed,as well as the laws,characteristics and experience practices of the distribution of open-pit coal resources,the current production status and structure of open-pit coal mines,the application of mining technology and equipment,and the laws of ecological environment protection in India by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis methods.Research has shown that India has fully utilized the advantages of coal resources and the scale of open-pit mining.After more than 50 years of development,the total coal production and open-pit coal mine production have continued to increase,making a significant contribution to domestic energy demand;in 2021,India's open-pit coal mining production accounted for over 95%of the total coal production,making it the largest open-pit coal producing country abroad,second only to China's open-pit coal production;since the 1980s,India has relied on international cooperation and foreign procurement to become the largest country in Asia using the bucket and shovel dumping process,and India has also achieved certain results in the formulation and implementation of environmental protection laws and regulations,the implementation of environmental management plans,tax constraints and other works for open-pit coal mining.