基于问题导向的大学生批判性思维培养探讨——以土地复垦学课程为例

高校是培养创新创业人才的主要源头,要有所创新,必须有批判意识,但是批判性思维人才的培养又是高等教育比较缺乏的。该研究以土地整治工程专业核心课程土地复垦学为载体,以布鲁姆层级性的认知目标为理论基础,在教学过程初步探索出以学生为中心、以问题为导向,课堂学习—课程实习—项目训练—培养环境创设逐级递进的大学生批判性思维的培养模式;并提出课前-课中-课后三阶段问题导向模式和阶梯型问题导向的“331”模式,逐级引导学生思考,促进学生公正的批判性思维发展与形成,以适应国土综合整治人才需求。

Colleges and universities are the main source of cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talents.To be innovative,we must have a critical awareness,but the cultivation of critical thinking talents is relatively lacking in higher education.Taking the core course"Land Reclamation"as the carrier and Bloom's hierarchical cognitive objective as the theoretical basis,this study preliminarily explores student-centered and problem-oriented models in the teaching process.From classroom learning-course practice-project training-training environment,it is supposed to create a progressive training model of critical thinking for college students.This paper also puts forward the problem-oriented model of three stages before class,during class and after class and the step-by-step problem-oriented"331"model to guide students'thinking step by step,and promote the development and formation of students'fair and critical thinking,so as to meet the needs of talents in comprehensive land management.