对靶施药技术装备在植物病虫草害防控中的应用及展望

Target Pesticide Application Technology Equipment and Future Developments in the Control of Plant Pests,Diseases and Weeds

近年来,绿色农药及靶向农药等新农药被广泛应用到作物保护中,但国内植保从业者对对靶施药技术的了解并不深入.本文将对靶施药技术类比于靶向农药和机器人控制技术,并将其分为实现过程和载体来进行描述,具体从4个部分展开介绍.第一,用于感知信息的传感器和技术,类似于机器人的“感知”功能,可以看作是人体的“眼睛”;第二,对靶施药技术的计算和决策模型,类似于机器人的“决策”功能,可以看作是人体的“大脑”;第三,对靶施药技术的施药量控制方法,类似于机器人的“控制”功能,可以看作是人体的“手”;第四,几种典型的对靶施药机.本文亦指出了对靶施药技术装备的未来发展方向,即向着本土化、智能化、傻瓜化和农艺农机相结合的方向发展.

In recent years,new pesticides such as green pesticides and targeted pesticides have been widely used in crop protection,but domestic plant protection practitioners do not have a deep understanding of the target pesticide application technology.Target application technology is analogous in this paper to targeted pesticide and robot control technology,and it is separated into the realization process and carrier.This paper is divided into four parts to describe the target application technology.First,sensors and technologies for sensing information,similar to the sensing;function of robots,can be thought as human‘eyes’.Second,the calculation and decision model of target application technology,similar to the decision-making function of the robot,can be thought as the human‘brain’.Third,spray volume control technique of target application technology,which resembles as the control function of robot,can be compared to a human‘hand’.Fourth,we introduce a few typical target application machines.Finally,the future development direction of target application technology and equipment is pointed out,which is towards localization,intelligence,impenetrability and the combination of agronomy and sprayers.