超越“师徒”:加拿大导生关系的期望走向

Beyond Master-Apprentice:The Trend of Expectation-orientation of the Relationship between Supervisors and Graduate Students in Canada

文章基于加拿大11所一流大学的经验,发现基于期望制的导生关系是一种传统超越,旨在建构导师和学生之间的期许与沟通关系,有异于传统师徒制。在期望关系实践中,其内容上专注还原多样化需求,形式上致力于留下痕迹,实施上重视基于沟通全程参与,标准上追求专业化指引。在导生关系建设方面,可以以主体间性为指引,探索导生的期望角色;扩大导师专业指导场景;完善引导路径,提高期望模式效率;加强过程性沟通,及时掌握期望发展;搭建资源平台,提升期望实现的自主可能。

Drawing on the experience of 11 first-class universities in Canada,this paper found that the supervisor-student relationship based on“expectation”is a transcendence of tradition,aiming to construct expectation and communication relationships between supervisors and students.This is different from traditional apprenticeship.The practice of an expectation-oriented relationship focuses on restoring“diversified needs”in content and is committed to leaving“traces”in form.It also emphasizes full participation based on“communication”in implementation,and the pursuit of“professional”guidance in standards.Inspired by this,we can explore the“expected role”in mentorship under the guidance of inter-subjectivity;create more scenes of supervisors providing“professional guidance”;improve the efficiency of“expectation pattern”by adopting beneficial guidance paths;facilitate timely understanding the development of expectation through communication;and provide resource platforms to enhance the“autonomy”possibilities of achieving expectations.