漆酶及其对染料废水处理的研究进展

Research progress on laccase and its treatment of dye wastewater

染料废水具有色度高、产量大、毒性强和难生物降解等特点,对废水进行脱色及去除化学需氧量(COD)是此类工业废水处理的重点。染料废水的处理方法有物理、化学及生物方法,主要包括絮凝沉淀、水解酸化和活性污泥法等,这些方法往往具有成本高、能耗大、反应条件剧烈以及二次污染等缺点。酶与酶技术的开发与应用是环境生物技术中重要的部分,为环境污染治理提供了新的技术手段。漆酶是处理染料废水最具潜力的生物酶之一,对多种合成的和天然的染料分子具有较高的脱色效率。本文介绍了漆酶的来源、结构、分类以及催化机制等,综述了真菌漆酶和细菌漆酶对染料废水中占比最大的偶氮染料和蒽醌染料进行实际脱色和脱毒处理的研究现状,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。

Dye wastewater is characterized by high colority,high yield,strong toxicity,and hard biodegradation.Decolorization of wastewater and removal of chemical oxygen demand(COD)is the focus of treatment for this type of industrial wastewater.The treatment methods for dye wastewater include physical,chemical and biological methods,mainly including flocculation and precipitation,hydrolysis and acidification,activated sludge method,etc.These methods often have disadvantages such as high cost,high energy consumption,drastic reaction conditions and secondary pollution.The development and application of enzymes and enzyme technology is an important part of environmental biotechnology,which provides new technological tools for environmental pollution management.Laccase is one of the most promising enzymes for the treatment of dye wastewater,with high decolorization efficiency for a wide range of synthetic and natural dye molecules.The source,structure,classification,catalytic mechanism and other properties of laccase were introduced,the research status of decolorization and detoxification of azo and anthraquinone dyes,which account for the largest proportion of dye wastewater,by fungal and bacterial laccase were also reviewed in this paper.Finally,the prospects of laccase research in dye waste water were presented.