新型农村集体经济促进农民共同富裕的内在逻辑与路径选择

The Inner Logic and Path Choice of New Rural Collective Economy Promoting Common Prosperity Among Farmers

发展壮大新型农村集体经济是我国深化农村改革的重要任务,也是促进农民共同富裕的重要保障。党的十八大以来,党中央坚持把“三农”问题作为全党工作的重中之重,不断深化农村经济体制改革,积极构建科学高效的运行机制,探索多样化途径发展新型农村集体经济,有效激发了农民共同富裕的内生动力。新型农村集体经济的产生和发展与我国农村发展实际紧密相连,有其发展的历史必然性。与传统农村集体经济相比,新型农村集体经济保留了社会主义公有制的优越性,具有产权关系明晰、治理架构科学、经营方式稳健、收益分配合理等特征。实现农民共同富裕是发展新型农村集体经济的价值指引,二者存在着逻辑上的必然联系。发展新型农村集体经济丰富了农民共同富裕的理论内涵,在实践中通过股份制等方式实现集体与农民的联结,让集体经济与组织成员形成高效合作,提高了生产经营的规模化和专业化水平,成为促进农民共同富裕的重要支撑。由于不同地区农村集体经济发展水平存在较大差距,当前我国发展壮大新型农村集体经济面临诸多制约因素,主要表现在地区差距和产业弱质、资源要素供给短缺、组织引领力不足、人口老龄化和人才匮乏、数字化建设缓慢等方面。破解这些问题,需要在农村基层党组织的领导下,不断强化党建引领,因地制宜引导各类资源要素向农村集体经济流动,以数字化建设作为农村发展新引擎,推动“三变”改革,强化制度保障,做好集体成员收益分配的公平普惠,实现农民共同富裕。

Developing and expanding the new rural collective economy is a great task for China to deepen its rural reforms and also a crucial guarantee for promoting the common prosperity of farmers.The Central Committee of the CPC has consistently taken“agriculture,countryside,and farmers”as the top priority of the entire Party’s task since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.The concrete measures include continuously deepening the reform of the rural economic system,actively constructing a scientific and efficient operational mechanism,exploring diverse approaches to develop the new rural collective economy,and effectively stimulating the endogenous power for the common prosperity of farmers.The emergence and development of the new rural collective economy are closely linked with China’s actual rural development situation,which has the historical inevitability of its development.Compared with traditional rural collective economies,the new rural collective economy retains the superiority of socialist public ownership,with clear property rights relations,a scientific governance structure,a stable mode of operation,and a reasonable income distribution.Common prosperity serves as the guiding value for the new rural collective economy,and there is an inevitable and logical connection between them.The development of the new rural collective economy enriches the theoretical connotation of the farmer’s common prosperity.In practice,it achieves the connection between collectives and farmers through shareholding methods,enabling efficient cooperation between collective economies and organization members,improving the scale and specialization level of production and operation,and becoming an important support for the common prosperity of farmers.However,due to significant disparities in the development levels of rural collective economies across different regions,China currently faces numerous constraints in developing and expanding this new type of economy.These constraints are mainly manifested in regional disparities and weak industries,shortages in resource elements supply,insufficient organizational leadership,aging population and talent shortages,and slow digital construction,etc.To solve these issues,it is necessary to continuously strengthen guidance of the Party building under the leadership of primary-level Party organizations in rural areas,guide various factors to flow towards rural collective economy according to local conditions,use digital construction as a new engine for rural development,promote the“three changes”reform,strengthen institutional guarantees,and reasonably distribute the income of collective members for common prosperity,and ultimately achieve common prosperity among farmers.