制度画像与行动呈像:乡风文明建设中的双重可视化路径——基于山西Y县积分制的案例观察

Institutional Portrait and Action Presentation:Double Visualization Path in the Construction of Rural Civilization——Based on the Case Study of County Y in Shanxi Province

作为乡风文明建设中的制度创新,积分制联结政策与生活、贯通行动与乡风,是和美乡村建设的重要依托。然而治理实践中的积分制,常常会面临“看得见社会”却“照不见人心”的困境。基于可视化的分析视角,对Y县积分制实践的个案观察发现:积分制不仅是基层群众参与文明乡风建设的有效途径,而且是国家治理社会模糊领域的可视化方式,乡风文明建设中的积分制具有双重可视化特征,即数字技术下看见社会的制度可视化和团结技术下社会自我呈像的行动可视化,两种可视化之间的张力,形成了积分制的实践困境。上述张力在Y县积分制实践的不同阶段具体表现为:清晰的浙江经验蓝本与复杂的地方场景之间的植入张力、清晰的治理任务与复杂的部门利益之间的推进张力、清晰的实践方案与乡村社会弥散场域之间的落地张力。在清晰与模糊之间,Y县积分制实践通过经验蓝本再造、非正式借力与庇护式执行,完成了积分制的移植与运行。进一步讨论上述张力的来源,则在于技术知识与地方知识在实践中的抵牾。在知识结构上,作为并联特征的技术知识具有共时性结构,而作为串联特征的地方知识具有序贯性结构。两种知识之间的结构差异,影响积分制实践中的制度画像与行动呈像。在知识关系上,两种知识之间并非此消彼长,而是相互强化、相互激活。正因如此,可视化的过程并非直射,而是不断的折射与反射。两种知识的相互适配能够实现双重可视化的有效互补,从而促进文明乡风建设的有序推进。而两种知识之间的失衡则会导致双重可视化的相互排斥。因而,需要规避技术知识对地方知识过度再造而导致的“制度悬浮”,以及地方知识对技术知识过度俘获而导致的“庇护执行”。

As an institutional innovation in the construction of rural civilization,the point redemption scheme connects policy and life,which also links action and rural style.The point redemption scheme has thus become an important support for the construction of beautiful and harmonious countryside.However,the point redemption scheme in governance practice often faces the conflict dilemma of“I can see society”but“I can’t see people’s hearts”.Based on the analytical perspective of governance visualization,this research makes a case study on the practice of point redemption scheme in county Y.The study shows that point redemption scheme is not only an effective way for grassroots to participate in the construction of rural civilization,but also the visualization for the state governance in the ambiguous territory.The point redemption scheme in the construction of rural civilization have double visualization characteristics,one of which is the institutional visualization in seeing society under the digital technology,and the other is the action visualization in presentation of the social self-image under the solidarity technology.The tension between the two visualizations leads to the practical dilemma of the point redemption scheme.There are three specific manifestations about the tension in different practical stages of the point redemption scheme in county Y:the implanting tension between the clear blueprint of Zhejiang experience and the complex local scenes,the promoting tension between the clear governance task and the complex sectoral interests,and the implementing tension between the clear practice plan and the dispersive rural social fields.In order to reduce the tension between clarity and ambiguity,the practice of county Y realizes the transplantation and operation of point redemption scheme,which adopts experience blueprint reconstruction,informal borrowing and patronage implementation.Further discussing the source of above tension,it lies in the practical contradiction between technical knowledge and local knowledge.The structure of those two knowledge is different:the technical knowledge,which has a parallel feature,tends to be synchronic;but the local knowledge,which has a tandem feature,tends to be sequential.The structural difference between the two kinds of knowledge affects the mutual reconstruction between institutional visualization and action visualization.In terms of knowledge relationship,the two kinds of knowledge are not trade-off,but mutually reinforcing and activating.Therefore,the process of visualization is not beating,but continuously refracting or reflecting.The mutual adaptation of the two kinds of knowledge can realize the effective complementation of the double visualization,so as to promote the construction of rural civilization in an orderly manner.Nevertheless,the imbalance between the two kinds of knowledge will lead to the mutual exclusion of the double visualization.Therefore,it is necessary to avoid the“system suspension”caused by the excessive reproduction of local knowledge by technical knowledge,and the“patronage implementation”caused by the excessive capture of technical knowledge by local knowledge.