不同结香方法对土沉香木质部芳香物质形成的影响

Effect of Different Agarwood-induction Technique Treatments on the Formation of Aromatic Substances in Xylem of Aquilaria sinensis

以12年生土沉香人工林为研究对象,通过设置钻孔、火烧孔和黄绿墨耳菌(Melanotus flavolivens)溶液诱导土沉香结香试验,比较分析各处理的土沉香结香木质部变色范围,淀粉和可溶性糖含量、醇溶性提取物、沉香四醇、挥发性香气成分方面的差异,探讨不同结香方法对土沉香木质部芳香物质形成的影响,为创新和优化土沉香结香技术提供理论参考。结果表明,(1)黄绿墨耳菌溶液处理的土沉香木质部(沉香材部分)变色范围最大,纵向变色距离最长达120.02 cm,横向变色距离最宽达3.84 cm;钻孔和火烧孔处理,纵向变色距离均超过110 cm,但横向变色距离最宽仅为0.58 cm和1.06 cm。(2)3种结香处理的土沉香木质部淀粉含量均显著低于CK(P<0.05),降幅范围在24.82%~55.25%;黄绿墨耳菌溶液和火烧孔处理的土沉香木质部可溶性糖含量均显著高于CK(P<0.05),钻孔与CK差异不显著(P>0.05)。(3)钻孔、火烧孔和黄绿墨耳菌溶液处理土沉香的醇溶性提取物含量分别达到11.84%、13.26%和21.08%,均显著高于CK(P<0.05);沉香四醇含量分别达到0.18%、0.26%和0.42%,对照处理未检测出沉香四醇。(4)钻孔、火烧孔和黄绿墨耳菌溶液处理的土沉香芳香物质中分别鉴定出29种、33种和36种,主要成分包括2-(2-苯乙基)色酮及其衍生物、沉香螺醇、愈创木醇、香树烯、苄基丙酮、二氢卡拉酮、枯苏醇、α-檀香醇和壬醛。说明黄绿墨耳菌溶液处理土沉香木质部变色范围最大,淀粉含量消耗和可溶性糖增幅最大,醇溶性提取物、沉香四醇含量及其芳香物质积累的效果最优。

Using 12-year-old Aquilaria sinensis plantation as the research subject,this study compares and analyzes the differences in the discoloration range at the xylem part,contents of starch and soluble sugars,alcohol soluble extracts,agarotetrol,and volatile aroma components induced by drill hole,red-hot iron drill bit and solutions of Melanotus flavolivens treatment.The aim is to explore the effects of different methods on the formation of aromatic substances in the xylem of A.sinensis and provide theoretical references for innovation and optimization the technologies of agarwood induction.The results showed that,(1)the largest discoloration range at xylem part was observed on treatment of M.flavolivens solutions,where the discoloration range could reach 120.02 cm in longitudinal and 3.84 cm in horizontal directions.Though the longitudinal discoloration range could exceed 110 cm for the other two treatments,the largest horizontal discoloration ranges were only 0.58 cm and 1.06 cm,respectively.(2)The starch contents in xylem of the three treatments were significantly lower than that of CK(P<0.05),the decreased amount ranged from 24.82%to 55.25%.The soluble sugar contents of M.flavolivens solutions and red-hot iron drill bit treatments were significantly higher than that of CK,while significant difference was absent between drill hole and CK treatments.(3)The contents of alcohol soluble extracts were 11.84%,13.26%and 21.08%for the treatments of drill hole,red-hot iron drill bit and solution of M.flavolivens.It was significantly higher than that of CK.The agarotetrol contents of the three treatments were 0.18%,0.26%and 0.42%,respectively,and no agarotetrol was detected in CK.(4)There were 29,33 and 36 aromatic substances in the A.sinensis of drill hole,red-hot iron drill bit and solution of M.flavolivens treatments,respectively.The main components mainly include 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone and its derivatives,agarospirol,guaiol,aromadendrene,benzylacetone,dihydrokaranone,kusunol,α-santalol and nonanal.A.sinensis trees with injection of M.flavolivens solutions could induce the largest discoloration range,increase the contents of starch and soluble sugars and be beneficial for the accumulation of agarotetrol and aromatic substances.