大数据运用视角下互联网反垄断规制的完善进路

Progress of Improving Internet Antitrust Regulation from the Perspective of Corporate Big Data Utilization

大数据对互联网企业发展提供的强大助力,使得领先的互联网平台服务提供者,在市场准入、议价规则、服务提供、数据共享等方面,有能力实施限制竞争行为。从实践样态来看,互联网企业运用大数据实施的垄断行为呈现了算法共谋、滥用数据优势地位以及跨平台的经营者集中等新特征。基于大数据应用背景下互联网技术的新发展,有必要建立健全互联网企业在垄断协议的达成、市场支配地位滥用的认定、经营者集中的审查、消费者福利的克减等方面的反垄断规制框架。在包容审慎监管理念下,将反垄断重点集中于互联网企业的合规经营;引入相对优势理论,进一步规范互联网行业头部企业的市场竞争行为,构建实际竞争影响评判标准;按照分级分类的要求,明确不同层级互联网企业在市场竞争中的权利义务关系,完善有关配套监管措施;建立健全数字经济时代大数据共生共享制度,兼顾大数据反垄断和个人信息保护,促进消费者福利的提升。

Big data s contribution to the development of Internet enterprises has enabled leading Internet platform service providers to implement competition-restrictive behaviors in terms of market access,bargaining rules,service provision,and data sharing.The monopolistic behavior implemented by Internet enterprises using big data presents new features such as algorithmic conspiracy,abuse of data dominance and cross-platform operator concentration.Based on the new development of Internet technology in the context of big data application,it is necessary to establish an anti-monopoly regulatory framework for Internet enterprises in terms of reaching monopoly agreements,recognizing the abuse of dominant market position,reviewing the concentration of operators,and derogating from consumer welfare.Under the concept of inclusive and prudent regulation,the focus of antitrust should be on the compliant operation of Internet enterprises.The theory of relative advantage should be introduced to further regulate the market competition behavior of the head enterprises,and the criteria for evaluating the impact of actual competition should be constructed.The rights and obligations of Internet enterprises of different levels in market competition should be clarified in accordance with the requirements of hierarchical classification and the relevant supporting regulatory measures should be improved.The system for sharing big data in the era of digital economy should be established and perfected.It is also necessary to establish a system of symbiosis and sharing of big data,and to take into account the antitrust and personal information protection of big data,so as to promote the improvement of consumer welfare.