数字孪生在城市规划实践应用中的批判性思考

Digital Twins for Urban Planning:Lessons from the Past and Prospects

起源于航空制造业的数字孪生概念在2010年代后期引入城市领域,方兴未艾。城市数字孪生的快速发展,一方面得益于城市中大量新兴数据源的兴起和计算机算力的飞跃提升(供给端),另一方面反映了人民对高品质、可持续城市生活的向往,以及城市管理者对提升城市管理能力和城市竞争力的诉求(需求端)。供给端与需求端在表象上的匹配解释了城市数字孪生市场当下的繁荣。通过对早期“智慧城市”运动的批判性剖析和对国外数字孪生发展近况的简要综述,指出期待仅凭数字技术即可解决城市固疾是对城市数字孪生过于简单化的理解和不切实际的期望。从非技术视角对城市数字孪生的必要性和革新性进行探讨,浅析当前城市数字孪生在城市规划领域应用中面临的重大挑战,并对城市数字孪生的未来发展提出若干思考。

The concept of digital twin,originated in the aviation manufacturing industry,was introduced into the urban domain in the late 2010s and is in the ascendant.The rapid development of city digital twins,on the one hand,is enabled by the rise of new data sources in cities and the rapid advancement of computing power(supply side).On the other hand,it reflects people's yearning for high-quality and sustainable urban life,and city managers'aspiration for efficient urban management and urban competitiveness(demand side).The superficial match between the supply side and the demand side explains the current hype of city digital twins.However,the application of digital twins in the urban field is fundamentally and systematically different from its application in engineering.Through a critical review of the early"smart city"movement and a brief overview of the recent city digital twin developments,this paper discusses the necessity and innovation of city digital twins from a non-technical perspective.Practical challenges for applying digital twins for urban planning are examined,with suggestions for future research provided.