北京历史文化街区整院腾退模式实施机制探析

Research on Implementation Mechanism of the Courtyard Dispersing Model in Historic and Cultural Area of Beijing

北京历史文化街区的人口疏解工作自2010年开始,经历了从“登记式疏解”到“整院疏解”模式的转变。但是随着疏解工作的进行,形成整院的难度越来越大,并逐渐显现出一些问题。以2013年开展的首批整院腾退试点白米斜街地区为研究对象,通过对政策实施过程中的参与主体(政府、公司和居民)开展访谈,以收集数据信息的方法归纳分析整院腾退政策的特征和近5年在实施操作过程中对该片区带来的影响,并结合2020年北京东城区启动的“申请式退租”项目实施情况提出疏解工作的优化实施的建议,包括疏解对象不明确是影响政策实施效果的主要原因,需要从兼顾改善居住困难住户的生活条件和推动空间再利用两个目标出发腾退适宜的住户,建立申请式疏解的预评估机制,在现有申请式基础上,完善以院落为单位的腾退流程等,促进北京历史文化街区的可持续保护和发展。

The population dispersing work in Beijing's historic district began in 2010 and has undergone a transition from"voluntary dispersing"to"courtyard dispersing".However,with the progress of the dispersing work,it becomes increasingly difficult to form the entire courtyard and gradually reveals some problems.The article takes the first batch of courtyard dispersing trials in the Baimi Community,which was launched in 2013,as the research object.By conducting interviews with participants including government,company and residents and using the method of collecting valid data,the paper summarizes and analyzes the characteristics of the dispersing policy,the impacts on the area during the implementation process in the past five years.Based on the implementation of the"application-based rental surrender"project launched in Dongcheng District,Beijing in 2020,suggestions are put forward to optimize the implementation of the vacating work.The study obtains that the unclear dispersing object is the main factor that affects the effect of the policy implementation.It is necessary to disperse the appropriate households by taking the disadvantaged groups and space reuse conditions into consideration.At the same time,a pre-evaluation mechanism for application-based evacuation will be established,and based on the existing application-based evacuation process,the courtyard-based eviction process will be improved,promoting the sustainable protection and development of Beijing's historical and cultural districts.