企业数字化转型的研究述评与展望

Review and Prospects of Research on Enterprise Digital Transformation

数字化转型正在冲击和颠覆传统市场,成为学术界研究的热门主题。基于文献综述系统梳理数字化转型的内涵特征与测度研究、数字化转型的理论基础以及不同类型企业的数字化转型对比分析,并提出包含驱动前因和能力中介的数字化转型实现机制,包括数字资源驱动型和非数字资源驱动型两条路径。在数字资源驱动型路径中,数字技术和数据资源作为关键驱动前因,通过数字动态能力中介机制,驱动企业数字化转型;在非数字资源驱动型路径中,政府支持、环境因素、意义构建、组织多元化管理和政治关联等非数字资源作为驱动前因,通过融资能力、创新能力和动态能力等中介机制,驱动企业数字化转型。未来可以深入拓展数字化转型的水平测度、群体转型差异和实现机制等方面的研究。

Based on the research of technology-driven perspective,data-driven perspective and organizational change perspective,this paper defines the enterprises digital transformation as the process of achieving significant transformations in multiple attributes of the organization,such as business processes,organizational structure,busi-ness models,and connectivity with other stakeholders.Moreover,the authors conclude that the theoretical basis of digital transformation includes the basic system of digital theory and the theoretical support system with Chinese characteristics.The basic system of digital theory in-cludes digital platform theory,digital ecosystem theory,digital architecture theory,digital integration ability theory and dynamic ability theory in digital economy.The theoretical support system with Chinese characteristics in digital transformation mainly includes harmonious management theory and asymmetric innovation theory.The authors also find that differences in the nature of property rights lead to different digital transformation per-formance.Digital transformation of state-owned and private enterprises differs significantly in terms of economic effect,governance effect and innovation effect.In terms of economic effect,although state-owned enterprises have resource and policy advantages,they may lack sufficient motivation for transformation,while private enterprises have stronger motivation for transformation,but facing the tight resource restriction and the market competition pres-sure.In terms of governance effect,the digital transformation of state-owned enterprises is better in improving the performance of risk governance and accountability governance.In the aspect of innovation effect,state-owned enter-prises benefit more from the promotion of digital transformation to enterprise innovation.In addition,our study also proposes two mechanisms for digital transformation realization that include driving ante-cedents and capability mediators.One is a digital resource-driven path and the other is a non-digital resource-driven path.In the digital resource-driven path,digital technology and data resources as key driving antecedents drive the digit-al transformation of enterprises through digital dynamic capability mediation mechanism.In the non-digital resource-driv-en path,non-digital resources such as government support,environmental factors,meaning construction,organizational diversity management and political affiliation are the driving antecedents that drive the digital transformation of enterpri-ses through mediation mechanisms such as financing capability,innovation capability and dynamic capability.Based on the limitations of existing research,futureresearch can be further expanded on the digital transformation level measurement,group transformation differences and realization mechanisms.Firstly,its essential to refine the re-search on the measurement of digital transformation level by taking a sustainable development perspective into account,and incorporating Chinese situational factors,as well as establishing a unified assessment framework and criteria for dig-ital maturity models.Secondly,it is necessary to explore the comparison of the characteristics of digital transformation a-mong different groups by researching the differences in the nature of enterprise property rights or country differences.Thirdly,deepen the exploration of the driving factors and realization mechanisms of digital transformation by conducting a cronfiguration research of the driving antecedents,or studying the cross-layer implementation mechanism of digital transformation,as well as focusing on a time series study of the digital transformation process of enterprises.