曾梦想仗剑走天涯:小镇青年人力资本、社会阶层的代际与空间流动

Once a Dream of Wielding a Sword and Traveling the World:The Human Capital,Intergenerational Social Class,and Spatial Mobility of Small-town Youth in China

作为连接城乡的重要群体,小镇青年的人力资本与社会阶层流动不但是个体发展的体现,也是社会公平的重要衡量点。基于最新发布的CGSS2021数据的计量分析发现:在代际流动角度,小镇青年父母的人力资本有利于子代人力资本的积累,提高子代人力资本水平上升以及保持稳定的概率,降低人力资本水平下降的概率;在阶层跨越角度,小镇青年父母阶层对子代阶层积累有显著正向影响,但于阶层流动却呈现出一种“回归”的趋势,即反向影响阶层的跨越,父母辈阶层越高子代社会阶层跃迁的概率越低;在空间流动角度,小镇青年父母人力资本与社会阶层均会提高小镇青年在空间维度从小镇向城市流动的概率。中国正处于变人口大国为人力资本强国的现代化征程中,此项研究的系列发现为政府在小镇场域的青年发展提供了实证为本的政策指向。

As a significant group bridging the urban-rural gap,the human capital and social class mobility of small-town youth are not only reflections of individual development but also crucial indicators of social equity.Based on the latest CGSS2021 data,this study employs quantitative analysis to discover that from an intergenerational mobility perspective,the human capital of parents among small-town youth contributes to the accumulation of human capital in the next generation.It increases the likelihood of upward mobility and maintaining a stable level of human capital while reducing the probability of downward mobility.The social class of parents among small-town youth has a significantly positive influence on the accumulation of social class in the next generation.However,concerning class mobility,there's an apparent“regression”trend,meaning that a higher parental social class reduces the probability of upward social mobility for the next generation.From a spatial mobility perspective,the human capital and social class of parents among small-town youth increase the probability of their movement from small towns to cities in spatial terms.As China transforms from a populous nation to a strong human capital-oriented country,this research provides empirical policy guidance for the government's efforts in promoting youth development in the context of small towns.