乘波体特性研究现状及展望

Research Status and Prospect on the Characteristics of Waverider

乘波体特性研究是开展乘波飞行器设计的基础。本文对乘波体相关特性的研究现状进行了分析,重点总结了乘波体几何特性、气动特性、气动热特性等静态特性和横航向稳定性、纵向稳定性以及弹性效应对稳定性的影响等动态特性的研究进展;在此基础上,对乘波体特性研究中还存在的困难和问题进行了分析,并对未来进一步的研究重点进行了展望。研究表明,乘波体的几何特性决定了其适用于高超声速飞行器的前体设计;乘波飞行器适用于在设计点和小迎角工况下飞行,宽速域、大空域范围内气动性能还难以满足实际使用需求;在进行高超声速乘波飞行器气动外形设计时,应综合考虑气动力和气动热之间的平衡折中,采用合适的气动热解决方法来满足工程应用的需要;乘波体需具有上反角和“下凸”的外形特征,以满足稳定性要求。可为乘波飞行器的研究发展提供参考。

The research progress on characteristics of waverider was reviewed.The static characteristics about geometric characteristics,aerodynamic characteristics,aerothermodynamic characteristics and dynamic characteristics about lateral-directional static stability,longitudinal stability,along with dynamic stability were summarized intensively.On this basis,the problems in the research on characteristics of waverider about the engineering application was analyzed.The further research priorities was forecast.This study show,Waverider is suitable to the design about forebody of hypersonic vehicle because of its geometric characteristics;The waverider vehicle has excellent aerodynamic characteristics under design conditions,but its aerodynamic characteristics under off-design conditions is unsatisfied with the engineering need;The aerodynamic characteristics and aerothermodynamic characteristics are two key factors of hypersonic vehicle,it is necessary to make balance between the two characteristics.The waverider with anhedral and convex shape can satisfy the need of lateral-directional static stability;It is feasible to apply waverdier in the aerodynamic shape design of hypersonic vehicle,but there are also some problems that must be solved such as aerodynamic heating,maneuverability,stability and so on.These conclusions can provide references for waverider vehicle development.