学历提升与居民幸福感--来自CFPS微观匹配数据的经验证据

Educational Improvement and Residents’Well-Being:Empirical Evidence from CFPS Micro-Matching Data

幸福是个体价值追求的重要维度,也是推进共同富裕的本质要求。文章基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)微观跨期匹配数据,利用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)和工具变量法(2SLS),从辩证统一视角考察了学历提升对居民主观幸福感的影响,结果发现:(1)当前学历提升引致的正向激励效果超过了负向抑制作用,使得学历提升总体上增强了居民主观幸福感;(2)机制检验表明,收入增长效应和地位获得效应是学历提升增强居民幸福感的关键路径渠道,但学历提升同时也会通过教育错配效应和健康损害效应降低个体幸福感;(3)进一步检验还发现,在已婚、低信任度人群中学历提升的“致幸福”效应并不明显。此外,学历提升的负向抑制作用在就业正规化和社会支持的调节作用下能够有所缓解。与已有研究不同,文章突破了传统单一视角的逻辑束缚,采用更为科学的因果效应识别方法,从正反两个维度系统探究了学历提升对居民主观幸福感的潜在影响,同时在理论分析的基础上提出了收入增长、地位获得、教育错配以及健康损害四大机制路径,进一步拓展和深化了学界关于该问题的认识。基于此,文章认为,降低教育错配水平,不断提升我国教育回报率,激发社会性流动活力以及加强就业正规化建设等是提高居民主观幸福感的重要举措。

Happiness is an important dimension of individual value pursuit,and also the essential requirement of pro-moting common prosperity.Based on the microcosmic intertemporal matching data of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),the paper uses the propensity score matching method(PSM)and the instrumental variable method(2SLS)to examine the impact of educational attainment on residents’subjective well-being from a dialectical and unified to per-spective.The results show that:(1)The current positive incentive effect of educational attainment exceeds the negative inhibitory effect,making educational attainment generally enhance residents’subjective well-being;(2)Mechanism tests show that income growth effects and the status acquisition effects are the key channels for educational attainment to enhance residents’happiness,but educational attainment can also reduce individual wellbeing through education mismatch effects and health damage effects;(3)Further inspection also found that the“happiness-inducing”effect of educational attainment is not obvious among married and low-trust groups.In addition,the negative effect of education improvement can be alleviated under the adjustment effect of employment formalization and social support.Different from the existing studies,the article breaks through the logical constraints of the traditional single perspective,adopts a more scientific causal effect identification method,and systematically explores the potential impact of education im-provement on residents’subjective well-being from two dimensions,positive and negative.On the basis of the four mechanisms of income growth,status acquisition,education mismatch,and health damage,four mechanisms are pro-posed,which further expands and deepens the academic circle’s understanding of this issue.For this reason,the paper believes that reducing the level of education mismatch,continuously increasing the rate of return to education in my country,stimulating the vitality of social mobility,and strengthening the construction of regular employment are impor-tant measures to improve the subjective well-being of residents.