日本近代女性写作与困境——以小说《断念》为中心

The Writing and Dilemmas of Modern Japanese Women:Center on Akirame

随着日本近代女子教育的发展,催生了接受西式教育的女学生群体。她们在学校这个特殊空间获得了知识,开阔了眼界,挖掘了天赋,从她们中间诞生了一批女学生作家,成为日本近代女性写作的发端。在一部分女学生自我意识萌发、追求自由独立的同时,传统性别角色意识也被深植于部分女学生的精神世界,形成了近代女性写作的复杂性和多样性。另一方面,在男性掌握话语权的文坛,女性写作遭遇了如何获得外部认可、实现自身突围的多重困境。田村俊子较早地看到了女学生写作与发展的问题,在小说《断念》中以女学生作家荻生野富枝的视角揭示了女性独立的艰辛,通过荻生野富枝的“断念”传递了一个在今天仍有深意的结论:无论是回归“良妻贤母”的轨道,还是依附男性力量实现“立身出世”,二者都不应是女性自我实现的真正立足点。

With the development of women’s education in modern Japan,the group of female students receiving Western education also emerged.They acquired knowledge,broadened their horizons,and discovered their own talents in the special space of school,which made a group of female student writers born and became the pioneers of modern Japanese female writing.Some female students were deeply influenced by traditional gender role consciousness in their spiritual world when their self-awareness germinated and they pursued freedom and independence,leading to the formation of complexity and diversity in modern female writing.On the other hand,in the literary world where men dominated,women’s writing encoun-tered multiple difficulties,including how to gain external recognition and how to achieve self-breakthrough.Tamura Toshiko discovered earlier the issue of female students’writing and development.In the novel Akirame,the hardships of women’s independence were revealed from the perspective of female student writer Ogiuno Tomie.A conclusion that still holds pro-found significance today was conveyed through the akirame of Ogiuno Tomie:Whether returning to the track of serving as a“good wife and wise mother”or relying on male power to“success in life”should not be the real foothold of women’s self-realization.