俄语中ходуномходить型重义词组的结构及语义探究

Structure and Semantics of Polysemous Phrases“ходуномходить”in Russian

俄语中有很多类型的固定结构,其语义常常不能按照自由词组那样理解,同根的“副词+动词”型固定词组ходуномходить便是其中的一类,俄罗斯学者О.В.Чагина将其称为重义词组,它们作为俄语语言系统中的遗痕,整体呈现了与人们生活各方面息息相关的世界图景。由于该类词组的结构和语义的特殊性,对于俄语学习者而言比较难于把握和理解,以至于经常出现误用。本文从俄语学习者视角出发,依据俄罗斯国家语料库(НКРЯ)中有关该类词组的具体用例,探究其类别、结构及语义。研究表明,该类词组虽为固定结构,具有一定的稳定性和不变性,但在具体的言语交际中,词组的组成要素以及整体都可能发生变化,如会出现扩展成分、变体形式等。通过对该类词组的系统分析,希望能为其他类型固定结构的研究提供思路,提高俄语学习者对该类词组理解的准确度和运用的适切性,促进跨文化交际高效、顺利地进行。

There are many types of fixed structures in Russian,the semantics of which are often not understood in the same way as free phrases,the“adverb+verb”type fixed phraseходуномходитьis one of them,the Russian scholarО.В.Чагинаcalled it polysemous phrase,as a relic in the Russian language system,presents a picture of the world that is close-ly related to all aspects of people’s lives.Due to the unique structure and semantics of this type of word combination,it is challenging for Russian learners to grasp and understand,often resulting in usage errors.From the perspective of Russian learners,this paper explores the categories,structure,and semantics of this type of phrases based on specific examples from the Russian National Corpus(НКРЯ).The research indicates that this type of phrases is a fixed structure,with certain stabil-ity and invariability,but their constituent elements and overall composition may undergo changes in specific communicative contexts,such as the appearance of expansion elements and variant forms,etc.Through a systematic analysis of this type of phrases,it is hoped that this study can provide insights for the research of other types of fixed structures,improve the accuracy of understanding and appropriate use of such phrases among Russian learners,and promote effective and smooth intercultural communication.