二聚酸的合成机理及方法综述

Review of the Synthesis Mechanism and Method of Dimer Acid

二聚酸的合成机理比较复杂,主要是以B酸为催化剂的碳正离子机理和在路易斯酸催化下的Diels-Alder加成机理。二聚酸有多种合成方法,其中应用最广泛的是白土催化法,该法会产生较多的固体废弃物,其余方法包括离子液体催化法、卤素共轭化催化法、分子筛催化剂催化法、固体超强酸催化法等。与白土催化法相比,前述方法均存在不足,目前仍不能替代白土催化法。本文综述了二聚酸的合成机理和合成方法,并对合成二聚酸未来发展趋势进行展望。

The synthesis mechanism of dimer acid is complex,mainly the carbocation mechanism with B acid as catalyst and the Diels-Alder addition mechanism catalyzed by Lewis acid.Dimeric acid has a variety of synthesis methods,the most widely used is clay catalysis,this method will produce more solid waste,other methods include ionic liquid catalysis,halogen conjugation catalysis,molecular sieve catalyst catalysis,solid superacid catalysis,etc.Compared with the clay catalysis method,the above methods have shortcomings,and it is still not possible to replace the clay catalytic method.In this paper,the synthesis mechanism and synthesis methods of dimeric acid are reviewed,and the future development trend of dimeric acid synthesis is prospected.