陇中半干旱区不同耕作方式对马铃薯生长的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on the Growth of Potatoes in the Semi-arid Regions of Central Gansu

合理耕作可增强土壤水分供给能力和促进作物根系发育,进而提高作物抗旱性和生产力。为了给马铃薯高产高效生产提供最佳种植模式,进一步挖掘陇中半干旱区马铃薯产量潜力,以陇薯10号为指示品种,在垄上微沟种植技术基础上,设置4个不同耕作方式处理,研究了各耕作方式下的耕作环境效应及其对土壤水分和马铃薯生长发育的影响。试验结果表明,立式深旋松耕垄上微沟种植马铃薯+沟内种植绿肥毛苕子能够显著提高马铃薯叶面积指数、地上部鲜重、根鲜重,有利于块茎的形成和产量的提高,块茎折合产量达48168.0 kg/hm^(2),较其余处理增产12.01%~40.62%。可见,采用立式深旋松耕垄上微沟种植马铃薯+沟内种植绿肥毛苕子是陇中半干旱区马铃薯高产高效种植最佳模式。

Rational tillage can enhance soil water supply capacity and promote crop root development,thereby improving crop drought resistance and productivity.In order to provide the best cultivation mode for high yield and efficient production of potatoes,and further explore the yield potential of potatoes in the semi-arid regions of central Gansu,Longshu 10 was used as an indicator variety,based on the micro-furrow planting on ridge technology,4 different cultivation methods were set up to study the environmental effects of each cultivation method and its impact on soil moisture and potato growth and development.Results showed that micro-furrow planting of potatoes on ridge using vertically rotary sub-soiling tillage plus planting green manure as hair vetch in the furrows could significantly increase the leaf area index,fresh aboveground weight,and fresh root weight of potatoes,which is conducive to the formation of tubers and the improvement of yield.The equivalent yield of tubers reached 48168.0 kg/ha,which was increased by 12.01%to 40.62%in comparison with other treatments.It can be seen that the best mode for high yield and efficient potato cultivation in the semi-arid regions of central Gansu is to use vertically rotary sub-soiling tillage with micro-furrow planting of potatoes on ridge and planting hair vetch in the furrow.