新疆博尔塔拉河中游地表水与地下水转化关系及原因

Relationship and cause of surface water and groundwater transformation in the middle reaches of Bortala River,Xinjiang

新疆博尔塔拉河流域水资源短缺且时空分配不均,定量计算出中游不同河段、不同时段地表水与地下水的转化量,对地下水开采与回补、地表水与地下水优化配置具有重要意义。基于2021年12月1日—2022年11月30日博尔塔拉河中游5个监测断面的逐日测流资料,运用河道径流分析法,结合P-III(Pearson-Ⅲ)型分布频率曲线、各监测断面来水量对比图和水文地质剖面图等对地表水与地下水转化进行了定量分析,并对渗漏河段入渗率与来水量关系进行了拟合。结果表明:(1)5个监测断面中,博乐水文站年来水量最多,查乡大桥监测断面年来水量最少。(2)博尔塔拉河中游2021年12月1日—2022年11月30日来水处于平水年份。(3)博尔塔拉河中游上段,地下水转化补给地表水;中段昆得仑渠首-查乡大桥段地表水大量入渗补给地下水,入渗系数为0.67,入渗率与来水量呈显著负相关关系;下段,地下水再次溢出地表。博尔塔拉河中游河段共经历了3次地表水与地下水转化,总体表现为地下水溢出补给地表水。

The Bortala River Basin in Xinjiang is short of water resources and is unevenly distributed in time and space.It is important to quantitatively calculate the conversion rates of the surface water and groundwater in different reaches of the basin and as well as at different periods for the purposes of groundwater exploitation and replenishment and for the optimal allocation of water resources.Based on the daily flow measurement data from five monitored sections in the middle reaches of Bortala River from December 1,2021,to November 30,2022,Using river runoff analysis method,combined with the P-III distribution frequency curve,comparisons of water quantity between different monitoring sections,and hydrogeological cross-sections.The relationship between the infiltration rate and the runoff in the leaking river section was also fitted.The results showed that:(1)among the five monitoring stations,Bole Hydrology Station had the largest annual runoff,while Chaxiang Bridge had the smallest;(2)the runoff in the middle reaches of Bortala River was in a normal flow year year of 2022.(3)in the upper part of the middle reaches of the Bortala River,groundwater is converted to recharge surface water;The surface water in the section that runs from the Kundelun canal head to Chaxiang Bridge has a large amount of infiltration to recharge groundwater(infiltration coefficient:0.67),and the infiltration rate was found to be significantly negatively correlated with the quantity of incoming water;In the lower part,groundwater spilled over the surface.The middle reaches of the Bortala River experienced three conversions of surface water and groundwater,with an overall performance of groundwater overflow supplementing surface water.