从资源到资本:新疆非物质文化遗产政策权变逻辑与框架——以文化资本理论为视角

Intangible Cultural Heritage Policies in Xinjiang——From the Perspective of Cultural Capital Theory

传统的新疆非物质文化遗产政策以“资源—保护”为路径逻辑,在政策目标上重视文化保护而轻视经济价值开发,在利益分配上重视公共资源的社会利益保护而忽视私主体的权益保护,这反而在不断削弱与制约非物质文化遗产的生命活力与发展前景,与原本的政策目标形成悖论。基于文化资本理论,新疆非物质文化遗产的保护与传承应当转变政策逻辑为“资本—生产—生活”,通过市场化、产业化运营与生活化生产,将非物质文化遗产从静态的资源转化为增值性与活态化的文化资本,并在文化的资本化过程中完善制度建设,促进其市场化、生活化,以实现非遗资源的文化、社会、经济等多元价值。

The traditional policy of Intangible cultural heritage in Xinjiang takes“resource protection”as the path logic,attaches importance to cultural protection and ignores economic value development in policy objectives,attaches importance to the protection of social interests of public resources and ignores the protection of the rights and interests of private subjects in interest distribution,instead,it constantly weakens and restricts the vitality and development prospects of Intangible cultural heritage,forming a paradox with the original policy objectives.Based on the theory of Cultural capital,the protection and inheritance of Intangible cultural heritage in Xinjiang should change the policy logic to“Capital-production-life”transforms Intangible cultural heritage from static resources into value-added and live Cultural capital through marketoriented industrialized operation and life oriented production,and improves system construction in the process of cultural capitalization,promotes marketization and life oriented,so as to realize the cultural,social,economic and other multiple values of intangible cultural heritage resources.